(1. Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering，Ministry of Education，Southwest Jiaotong University，Chengdu，Sichuan 610031，China；2. National Engineering Research Center of Geological Disaster Prevention Technology in Land Transportation，Southwest Jiaotong University，Chengdu，Sichuan 610031，China；3. China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co.，
Ltd.，Wuhan，Hubei 430063，China)
Abstract：In order to investigate the deformation characteristic and failure mechanism of deep-buried clay tunnels in urban，the similarity model test was conducted in this paper. The full-section excavation apparatus of tunnels was used in the model test. The displacement，ground pressure and strain devices were adopted to explore the tunnel mechanical responses under different buried depths. The failure modes of the tunnel lining were analyzed，and the effectiveness of model test was verified by numerical simulation. The results indicate soil cracks induced by compression-shear stress are distributed above the tunnel face after tunnel is excavated. The uneven longitudinal settlement of soil is induced by excavation，and the settlement near the entrance of tunnel is the most significant. Under the buried depth of 50–500 m，the soil settlement decreases with the increase of the depth，and the attenuation magnitude of the ground pressure in the vertical direction is greater than that in the horizontal direction. The ground pressure is the most significant at the tunnel invert，followed by the right tunnel waist and the crown. The left tunnel waist has the smallest ground pressure. The bearing capacity of the tunnel lining reaches the limit when the buried depth is 150 m. The damage of the right part of the lining is more severe than that on the left part under asymmetric loads，and the convergence deformation of the lining is similar to“horizontal egg”shape. The convergence of the tunnel crown at the entrance of the tunnel is the most significant，while the largest horizontal expansion occurs at the end of the lining. The test results reveal the interaction between the surrounding soil and tunnel structure of deep-buried clay tunnel. It will provide references for the safety of deep-buried metro tunnel construction.
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2023, Vol. 42 
