(1. College of Energy and Mining Engineering，Shandong University of Science and Technology，Qingdao，Shandong 266590，China；2. State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-Founded By Shandong Province and the Ministry of
Science and Technology，Shandong University of Science and Technology，Qingdao，Shandong 266590，China；3. Ordos Haohua Hongqingliang Mining Co.，Ltd.，Ordos，Inner Mongolia 014300，China；4. School of Resource and Civil Engineering，Northeastern University，Shenyang，Liaoning 110167，China)
Abstract：Weakly cemented soft rock is widely distributed in the western region of China. Under this condition，when there is thick conglomerate with relatively high strength above the coal seam，the fracture of conglomerate layer has a significant impact on the overall ground pressure. In order to solve the difficult problem of strong ground pressure control，a research method of in-site monitoring，theoretical analysis，similar material simulation and numerical simulation was adopted. The main control driving role of thick gravel rock is revealed，and a mining pressure control technology for weakly cemented soft rock is proposed and applied on site. The results show that：(1) there is a gradual trend of“slight→severe→slight”ground pressure manifestation in the initial mining stage. Combined with the occurrence characteristics of overburden，the thick conglomerate layer above the stope is the main control layer of strong ground pressure manifestation. (2) The structural mechanics model of “transferring rock beam +conglomerate plate”of overburden is established，which reveals that the overburden characteristics of the stope driven by the fracture of the conglomerate layer：“basic roof→conglomerate layer→rock stratum above the conglomerate layer”progressive linkage instability in space，“large-small cycle periodicity”of the basic roof in time，and“instantaneous”instability characteristics of the rock stratum above the conglomerate layer. (3) Based on the analysis of influencing factors of strong ground pressure，the location coefficient of conglomerate fracture “ζ” is proposed It is used to describe the degree of transition from the broken position of conglomerate layer to the goaf. The smaller the overburden breaking coefficient is，the closer the corresponding broken position of overburden is to the goaf，and the weaker the rock pressure appearance is. (4) The key technology of strong ground pressure control is proposed，which is optimized by the setting load of hydraulic support and the mining speed of the working face. Through numerical simulation and field practice，the initial support force and the mining speed are optimized to 31.8 MPa and 8 m/d，and the field application effect is obvious.
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2023, Vol. 42 
