(1. School of Mechanics and Engineering Science，Shanghai University，Shanghai 200444，China；2. School of Engineering，University of Virginia，Charlottesville，VA 22904，USA；3. School of Civil Engineering，Qinghai University，Xining，
Qinghai 810016，China；4. China Railway，No. 5 Engineering Group，Chengdu，Sichuan 610000，China)
Abstract：Large-scale direct shear tests were conducted to investigate the shear behavior of geogrid reinforced coarse grained saline soils under normal cyclic loading. The effects of static loading，the initial stress, cyclic amplitude，and cyclic frequency of normal cyclic loading on the shear behavior of two geogrid reinforced coarse-grained saline soils were studied. The results showed that the shear strength of the coarse grained saline soils could be improved by geogrid. The shear strength of geogrid reinforced coarse-grained sulfate saline soils was generally higher than that of geogrid-reinforced coarse-grained chloride saline soils. The shear strength of the geogrid reinforced coarse-grained chloride saline soils decreased with increase of frequency. However，there is no obvious correlation between the shear behavior and amplitude. The lower initial normal stress reduced the shear strength of geogrid reinforced coarse-grained sulfate saline soil. The smaller the frequency, the lower the shear strength of the geogrid reinforced coarse-grained sulfate saline soils，and the smaller the shear displacement of the peak strength.
[1] 李小帆，蒋灵多. “一带一路”建设、中西部开放与地区经济发展[J]. 世界经济， 2020，43(10)：3–27.(LI Xiaofan，JIANG Lingduo. Belt and road initiative，central and western regions opening and economic development[J]. The Journal of World Economy，2020，43(10)：3–27.(in Chinese))
[2] 高江平，王永刚. 盐渍土工程与力学性质研究进展[J]. 力学与实践，2011，33(4)：1–7.(GAO Jiangping，WANG Yonggang. Research progress in engineering and mechanical properties of the saline soil[J]. Mechanics and Engineering，2011，33(4)：1–7.(in Chinese))
[3] 杨 真，王宝山. 中国盐渍土资源现状及改良利用对策[J]. 山东农业科学，2015，47(4)：125–130.(YANG Zhen，WANG Baoshan. Present status of saline soil resources and countermeasures for improvement and utilization in China[J]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences，2015，47(4)：125–130.(in Chinese))
[4] 杨 鹏，曹亚鹏，朱彦鹏，等. 粗颗粒硫酸盐渍土地基盐–冻胀界限深度模型试验[J]. 工程科学与技术，2019，51(1)：129–136.(YANG Peng，CAO Yapeng，ZHU Yanpeng，et al. Model test of salt-frost heaving limit depth of coarse-grained sulphate saline soil[J]. Advanced Engineering Sciences，2019，51(1)：129–136.(in Chinese))
[5] 吴青柏，孙 涛，陶兆祥，等. 恒温下含硫酸钠盐粗颗粒土盐胀特征及过程研究[J]. 冰川冻土，2001，23(3)：238–243.(WU Qingbo，SUN Tao，TAO Zhaoxiang，et al. Experimental studies on the salt expansion of coarse grain saline soils under constant temperature[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology，2001，23(3)：238–243.(in Chinese))
[6] 丁兆民，张莎莎，杨晓华. 粗颗粒盐渍土路用填料可用性指标研究[J]. 冰川冻土，2008，30(4)：623–631.(DING Zhaomin，ZHANG Shasha，YANG Xiaohua. Experimental studies of the applicability index of coarse-grained salty soil as an embankment filling[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology，2008，30(4)：623–631.(in Chinese))
[7] 杨 伟，杜 璇. “两布一膜”复合型土工布在膨胀土路堑基床中的应用[J]. 铁道建筑，2001，(2)：13–14.(YANG Wei，DU Xuan. Application of“two cloth and one film”composite geotextile in expansive soil cutting foundation bed[J]. Railway Engineering，2001，(2)：13–14.(in Chinese))
[8] 李家正. 条形基础下水平—竖向格栅加筋地基承载性能研究[硕士学位论文][D]. 上海：上海大学，2018.(LI Jiazheng. Bearing behavior of strip footing reinforced with horizontal-vertical geogrids[Ph. D. Thesis][D]. Shanghai：Shanghai University，2018.(in Chinese))
[9] 杨 庆，张 克，栾茂田，等. 土工格栅加筋砂土地基性能模型试验研究[J]. 大连理工大学学报，2006，46(3)：390–394.(YANG Qing，ZHANG Ke，LUAN Maotian，et al. Study of model test on performance of soil foundation reinforced by geogrids[J]. Journal of Dalian University of Technology，2006，46(3)：390–394.(in Chinese))
[10] YAMAMOTO K，KUSUDA K. Failure mechanisms and bearing capacities of reinforced foundations[J]. Geotextiles and Geomembranes，2001，19(3)：127–162.
[11] KRISHNA A M，BISWAS A. Performance of geosynthetic reinforced shallow foundations[J]. Indian Geotechnical Journal，2021，51(3)：583–597.
[12] JAVDANIAN H. On the behavior of shallow foundations constructed on reinforced soil slope-a numerical analysis[J]. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2020，14(2)：188–195.
[13] 王家全，张亮亮，刘政权，等. 土工格栅加筋砂土地基大模型动载试验研究[J]. 岩土力学，2018，39(10)：3 539–3 547.(WANG Jiaquan，ZHANG Liangliang，LIU Zhengquan，et al. Large model test on geogrid reinforced sand soil foundation under dynamic loading[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2018，39(10)：3 539–3 547.(in Chinese))
[14] 王 军，施 静，刘飞禹，等. 砂土颗粒级配对格栅–土界面静、动力直剪特性的影响[J]. 岩土力学，2019，40(1)：109–117.(WANG Ju，SHI Jing，LIU Feiyu，et al. Effect of particle gradation on static and dynamic direct shear properties of geogrid-sand interface[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2019，40(1)：109–117.(in Chinese))
[15] 王 军，朱 晨，刘飞禹，等. 法向循环荷载下筋土界面的剪切应力规律及预测[J]. 岩土工程学报，2022，44(5)：954–960.(WANG Ju，ZHU Chen，LIU Feiyu. Shear strength of reinforced soil interface under normal cyclic loading and its prediction[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2022，44(5)：954–960.(in Chinese))
[16] 刘飞禹，林青松. 动荷载作用下土工格栅应变软化特性[J]. 土木建筑与环境工程，2012，34(6)：62–66.(LIU Feiyu，LIN Qingsong. Degradation of geogrids under cyclic tensile load[J]. Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering，2012，34(6)：62–66.(in Chinese))
[17] 刘飞禹，林 旭，王 军. 砂土颗粒级配对筋土界面抗剪特性的影响[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2013，32(12)：2 575–2 582.(LIU Feiyu，LIN Xu，WANG Ju. Influence of particle-size gradation on shear behavior of geosynthetics and sand interface[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2013，32(12)：2 575–2 582.(in Chinese))
[18] 刘飞禹，林 旭，王 军，等. 循环剪切作用对格栅与砂土界面剪切特性的影响[J]. 中国公路学报，2015，28(2)：1–7.(LIU Feiyu，LIN Xu，WANG Ju，et al. Effects of cyclic shear load on behavior of sand-geogrid interface[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport，2015，28(2)：1–7.(in Chinese))
[19] 应梦杰，王 军，刘飞禹. 循环剪切作用下砾石–格栅界面颗粒破碎特性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2021，40(7)：1 484–1 490. (YING Mengjie，WANG Ju，LIU Feiyu. Experimental study on particle breakage of gravel-geogrid interfaces under cyclic shear[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2021，40(7)：1 484– 1 490.(in Chinese))
[20] 刘飞禹，江 淮，王 军. 砾石–格栅界面循环剪切软化特性试验研究[J]. 岩土力学，2021，42(6)：1 485–1 492.(LIU Feiyu，JIANG Huai，WANG Jun. Experimental study on cyclic shear softening characteristics of gravel-geogrid interface[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2021，42(6)：1 485–1 492.(in Chinese))
[21] 中华人民共和国行业标准编写组. JTG E40—2007公路土工试验规程[S]. 北京：人民交通出版社，2007.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China. JTG E40—2007 Code for geotechnical test of highway[S]. Beijing：People?s Communications Publishing House，2007.(in Chinese))
[22] 刘飞禹，王 攀，王 军，等. 不同剪切速率下格栅–土界面循环剪切及其后直剪特性[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2016，35(2)：387–395.(LIU Feiyu，WANG Pan，WANG Jun，et al. Cyclic and post-cyclic shear behavior of sand-geogrid interface under different shear rates[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2016，35(2)：387–395.(in Chinese))
[23] 刘飞禹，武文静，符洪涛，等. 基于3D打印的立体格栅网筋土界面剪切特性研究[J]. 中国公路学报，2022，35(4)：60–68.(LIU Feiyu，WU Wenjing，FU Hongtao，et al. Research on shear behavior of 3D printed three-dimensional geogrid-sand interface[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport，2022，35(4)：60–68.(in Chinese))
[24] 刘飞禹，朱 晨，王 军. 剪切速率和法向加载频率对筋土界面剪切特性的影响[J]. 岩土工程学报，2021，43(5)：832–840.(LIU Feiyu，ZHU Chen，WANG Jun. Influences of shear rate and loading frequency on shear behavior of geogrid-soil interfaces[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2021，43(5)：832–840.(in Chinese))
[25] 王 军，王 攀，刘飞禹，等. 密实度不同时格栅–砂土界面循环剪切及其后直剪特性[J]. 岩土工程学报，2016，38(2)：342–349. (WANG Jun，WANG Pan，LIU Feiyu，et al. Cyclic and post-cyclic direct shear behaviors of geogrid-sand interface with different soil densities[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2016，38(2)：342–349.(in Chinese))
[26] ASTM. D5321 Standard test method for determining the shear strength of soil-geosynthetic and geosynthetic-geosynthetic interfaces by direct shear[S]. West Conshohocken，PA：ASTM International，2014.
[27] 文 桃，米海珍，马连生，等. 硫酸钠盐渍土击实特性与压实度评价试验研究[J]. 岩土力学，2016，37(12)：3 455–3 462.(WEN Tao，MI Haizhen，MA Liansheng，et al. Experiment and evaluation of compaction characteristics of sodium sulfate saline soil[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2016，37(12)：3 455–3 462.(in Chinese))
[28] 文 桃，米海珍，杨 鹏，等. 硫酸盐渍土击实性能及影响因素试验研究[J]. 岩土力学，2015，36(7)；1 945–1 952.(WEN Tao，MI Haizheng，YANG Peng，et al. An experimental study of the compaction characteristics of sulfate saline soil [J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2015，36(7)：1 945–1 952.(in Chinese))
[29] ROOYEN P，WEBER H W J G. Long-term effects of five ameliorants on a saline-sodic soil of South Africa[J]. Geoderma，1977，19(3)：213–225.
[30] 付江涛. 颗粒级配及含盐量对西宁地黄土状盐渍土抗剪强度特征影响试验研究[J]. 土木工程，2020，9(11)：1 212–1 223.(FU Jiangtao. Experiment study on the effect of soil particle size distribution and salt content on the shear strength of Xining salinized soil[J]. Hans Journal of Civil Engineering，2020，9(11)：1 212–1 223.(in China))
[31] HU H C，TIAN F Q，HU H P. Soil particle size distribution and its relationship with soil water and salt under mulched drip irrigation in Xinjiang of China[J]. Science China：Technological Sciences，2011，54(6)：1 658–1 574.
[32] ZHANG Z，HU H C，TIAN F Q，et al. Soil salt distribution under mulched drip irrigation in an arid area of northwestern China[J]. Journal of Arid Environments，2014，104：23–33.
[33] 陈爱军. 颗粒级配对粗粒土强度和变形特性的影响[J]. 湖南工程学院学报：自然科学版，2017，27(3)：75–82.(CHEN Aijun. The influence of particle gradation on strength and deformation characteristics of coarse-grained soil[J]. Journal of Hunan Institute of Engineering：Natural Science，2017，27(3)：75–82.(in China))
[34] 刘飞禹，胡惠丽，王 军，等. 粒孔比对筋–土界面循环剪切特性的影响[J]. 中国公路学报，2019，32(12)：115–122.(LIU Feiyu，HU Huili，WANG Jun，et al. Influence of aperture ratio on cyclic shear behavior of geogrid-soil interface[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport，2019，32(12)：115–122.(in China))
2023, Vol. 42 
