高循环剪切速率条件下岩石结构面动力学特性研究

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0771

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摘要天然状态下岩体中赋存的大量结构面，极易在外部动力作用下发生强烈错动而摩擦退化，增加岩体失稳的风险。因此，为探究节理岩体在循环动力作用下的力学特性，以天然红砂岩为研究对象，考虑岩体动力学特性设置高剪切速率，开展循环剪切作用下岩石结构面剪切力学特性研究，揭示剪切应力及法向位移在循环剪切过程中的演化规律；基于塑性功理论，建立考虑循环剪切次数的结构面峰值抗剪强度预测模型。研究成果表明：(1) 循环剪切速率(2 mm/s)已达到动力学范畴，相较于准静态直接剪切试验，该速率能够更好地模拟结构面在动力作用下的剪切力学特征；(2) 循环剪切作用下，循环剪切次数、结构面类型及法向应力均会显著影响结构面剪切应力演化特征，法向位移在剪切位移为0和±5 mm处的规律明显，随循环次数的增加，法向位移逐渐降低，剪胀效应减弱，剪缩效应增强；(3) 建立考虑循环剪切次数的结构面峰值抗剪强度预测模型，与实际工况误差整体在10%左右，具有较好的适用性。研究成果可为动力扰动作用下岩体工程安全稳定性评估提供理论支持。

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	张清照1
	2
	佟泽昊1
	2
	石振明1
	2
	谢可禄1
	2
	3
	罗泽军1
	2
	4

关键词 ：岩石力学, 高剪切速率, 岩石结构面, 循环剪切, 力学特性, 强度预测模型

Abstract：The natural occurrence of numerous discontinuities in rock masses makes them prone to significant displacements and friction degradation under external dynamic forces，thereby increasing the risk of instability. To investigate the mechanical properties of jointed rock masses under cyclic dynamic conditions，this study focuses on natural red sandstone and explores the shear mechanical characteristics of rock discontinuities under cyclic shearing，with a specific emphasis on the dynamic properties of rock masses by setting a high shear rate. The evolution of shear stress and normal displacement during cyclic shearing is analyzed，and a peak shear strength prediction model for structural planes is established，incorporating the number of cyclic shear cycles based on plastic work theory. The results show that：(1) The applied cyclic shear rate (2 mm/s) reaches the dynamic range，and in comparison to quasi-static direct shear tests，this rate more accurately simulates the shear mechanical behavior of discontinuities under dynamic conditions. (2) During cyclic shearing，the number of cycles，type of discontinuities，and normal stress significantly influence the evolution of shear stress on the discontinuities. Normal displacement exhibits distinct patterns at shear displacements of 0 mm and ±5 mm. As the number of cycles increases，normal displacement gradually decreases，indicating a reduction in dilatancy and an increase in compaction. (3) A peak shear strength prediction model that accounts for the number of cyclic shear cycles is established，with an overall error of approximately 10% compared to actual conditions，demonstrating good applicability. The research findings provide theoretical support for the safety and stability assessment of rock engineering under dynamic disturbances.

Key words： rock mechanics high shear rate rock discontinuities cyclic shear mechanical properties strength prediction model

引用本文:

张清照1，2，佟泽昊1，2，石振明1，2，谢可禄1，2，3，罗泽军1，2，4. 高循环剪切速率条件下岩石结构面动力学特性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(5): 1146-1165.
ZHANG Qingzhao1，2，TONG Zehao1，2，SHI Zhenming1，2，XIE Kelu1，2，3，LUO Zejun1，2，4. Study on the dynamic characteristics of rock discontinuities under high cyclic shear rate. , 2025, 44(5): 1146-1165.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0771 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I5/1146

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