深部巷道锚注支护结构时效特性理论分析

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0839

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摘要针对深部巷道变形速率快、变形量大、难支护等工程问题，采用岩石流变理论开展深部巷道锚注支护结构时效特性分析，构建可反映锚注支护结构变形特性的流变元件，结合淮南深井矿区朱集西煤矿深部岩巷围岩变形监测数据，揭示“锚喷+锚索/U型钢支架+注浆”支护单元（体/结构）在不同支护时期的变形规律。研究结果表明，单一的锚喷支护难以维护深部巷道围岩稳定，采用锚喷+锚索/U型钢及注浆加强支护，且发挥各支护单元的承载特性，可有效控制深部巷道围岩大变形灾变；随着喷射混凝土厚度的增加，巷道围岩变形量显著减小，但喷射混凝土强度等级对围岩变形影响较小；随着锚杆（索）直径、材质强度的增加及间排距的减小，围岩变形量快速降低；随着U型钢支架材质强度等级的提升及棚距（排距）的减小，可减小巷道围岩变形量。工程实践表明，采用“锚网喷初次支护+预应力锚索/U型钢支架加强支护+注浆加固”的锚网索喷U注分步联合支护技术及确定的各支护单元合理支护时机，可满足深部巷道围岩大变形控制的工程安全要求。

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	孟庆彬1
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	张烜2
	葛政宇2
	韩绪1
	安刚健1

关键词 ：采矿工程, 深部巷道, 锚注支护, 流变元件, 时效特性, 支护时机

Abstract： To address critical engineering challenges such as high deformation rates, significant deformation magnitudes, and difficulties in stabilizing deep roadways, this study employs rock rheology theory to analyze the time-dependent characteristics of bolt-grouting support structures. A rheological model specifically designed to capture the deformation behavior of these structures was developed. By integrating deformation monitoring data from the surrounding rock at the Zhujixi Mine, this study elucidates the deformation mechanisms of a composite support system, comprising “bolt-shotcrete + prestressed cable/U-shaped steel + grouting” across various support stages. The findings indicate that single-component bolt-shotcrete support is insufficient for maintaining the stability of surrounding rocks in deep roadways. Conversely, a multi-component support approach effectively harnesses the load-bearing capacity of the support system to control severe deformations and mitigate catastrophic instabilities. Increasing the thickness of shotcrete significantly reduces deformation, while its compressive strength has a negligible effect. Similarly, enhancing the diameter and strength of anchor bolts, along with reducing their spacing, markedly improves deformation control. The increased material strength and decreased spacing of U-shaped steel also contribute to effective stabilization. Practical engineering applications confirm that a staged combined support strategy—comprising “bolt-net-shotcrete initial support + prestressed cable reinforcement support/U-shaped steel reinforced support + grouting reinforcement”—can effectively meet the safety requirements for large deformation control in the surrounding rock of deep roadways.

Key words： mining engineering;deep roadways;bolt-grouting support;rheological modeling time-dependent characteristics support strategy optimization

引用本文:

孟庆彬1，2，张烜2，葛政宇2，韩绪1，安刚健1. 深部巷道锚注支护结构时效特性理论分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(6): 1420-1437.
MENG Qingbin1, 2, ZHANG Xuan2, GE Zhengyu2, HAN Xu1, AN Gangjian1. Time-dependent analysis of bolt-grouting support structures in deep roadways. , 2025, 44(6): 1420-1437.

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https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0839 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I6/1420

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