花岗岩滞后应变型岩爆模拟试验中破坏特征分析

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0601

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摘要应变型岩爆按照其成因可分为瞬时型和滞后型岩爆，利用深部岩爆模拟试验系统对花岗岩开展真三轴卸载滞后应变型岩爆模拟试验，通过监测声发射信号并进行参数和波形定量分析，利用高速摄影记录岩爆破坏过程，观察岩石表面破裂特征，多角度揭示岩爆发生机制。结果表明：花岗岩在三向加载–单面卸载–轴向加载的特殊应力加卸载条件下，发生了猛烈的滞后应变型岩爆破坏；岩爆破坏前，声发射振铃计数呈现出密集爆发式增长而b值出现突然间的持续性骤降；主频段中低频–高幅信号占比呈现增长趋势，说明大尺度裂纹快速发育并伴随有较高能量释放；基于声发射聚类算法进行RA-AF分布划分，发现岩爆时花岗岩内部发生张剪复合型破坏，其中张拉、剪切裂缝数量均经历了先降低后显著增长到再次降低的过程，张剪比经历了先上升后下降，保持稳定后再次上升随后又下降至最低的过程；而声发射振铃计数率分形在岩爆破坏前呈现短时间内密集分布的特点，并且在经历持续振荡后出现突然骤降；对比声发射振铃计数、b值、主频、RA-AF分布和振铃计数分形获得的岩爆破坏前兆信息，其平均前兆响应系数分别为1.18%，0.94%，1.50%，1.45%和0.91%。声发射主频–幅值和张剪裂缝数量及比值判别前兆点的响应时间更早，更能精细刻画声发射信号复杂性，揭示岩石破裂演化机制。研究成果可为揭示滞后型岩爆发生机制及灾害预警方法的建立提供参考。

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	王洪建1
	2
	张金然1
	刘冬桥3
	赵菲1
	3
	石晓闪2
	4
	任富强5
	王闯1

关键词 ：岩石力学, 滞后型, 应变岩爆, 花岗岩, 声发射, 前兆

Abstract：Strain-induced rock burst can be classified into instantaneous and delayed types according to rockburst causes. In this paper, a real three-axis unloading and delayed strain-induced rock burst simulation experiment was conducted on granite using a deep-seated rock burst simulation experimental system. Based on the signal collected by the acoustic emission system, quantitative analysis of parameters and waveform was performed. At the same time, high-speed photography was used to record the process of rock burst destruction, and the characteristics of rock surface failure were observed. The occurrence mechanism of delayed strain-induced burst in granite rock was revealed from multiple perspectives. The results indicate that granite occurred severe delayed type rock burst under the special stress loading condition which referred to loading in three directions, unloading one single face and then loading in vertical direction. Before the granite occurred rock burst, the AE ringing counts had an intensive and explosive growth while the AE b-value showed a sudden continuous decline. During the rock burst phase, the proportion of AE signals with high amplitude in low-frequency showed a growth trend, indicating there occurred rapid development of large-scale cracks with higher energy release in rock. Based on AE cluster analysis of RA-AF distribution division, it was found that there appeared tensile and shear composite failure, and both the amount of tensile and shear type cracks decreased at first and then had an obvious increase until final decreased. Tensile-shear crack ratio increased and then decreased, remained stable, rose and then dropped again to the lowest value. The fractal of AE ringing count rate presented dense distribution in a short period of time before burst, and had a sudden decrease sharply after the continuous vibration. Compared the warning information of rock burst determined by AE ringing count, b-value, major frequency, RA-AF distribution and AE fractal dimension, the average precursor response coefficients were 1.18%, 0.94%, 1.50%, 1.45% and 0.91% respectively. Hence, the response time for identifying precursors based on the AE major frequency-amplitude and tensile-shear crack amount and ratio were earlier. They could more finely characterize the complexity of AE signals and reveal the rock fracture mechanism. This study can provide reference for revealing the mechanism of delayed type rock burst occurrence and establishing disaster warning methods.

Key words： rock mechanics delayed type strain rock burst granite acoustic emission precursor

引用本文:

王洪建1，2，张金然1，刘冬桥3，赵菲1，3，石晓闪2，4，任富强5，王闯1. 花岗岩滞后应变型岩爆模拟试验中破坏特征分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(6): 1481-1499.
WANG Hongjian1, 2, ZHANG Jinran1, LIU Dongqiao3, ZHAO Fei1, 3, SHI Xiaoshan2, 4, REN Fuqiang5, WANG Chuang1. Analysis of failure characteristics in delayed strain-type rock burst simulation test on granite. , 2025, 44(6): 1481-1499.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0601 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I6/1481

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