软岩隧道拱脚沉降的主动控制理念与技术实现

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0860

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摘要软岩隧道分部开挖施工中初期支护拱脚是变形控制的关键部位。为解决软岩隧道上台阶拱脚的沉降控制难题，首先分析软岩隧道拱脚沉降变形机制，提出软岩隧道拱脚沉降的主动控制理念。然后，提出采用小孔径预应力锁脚锚索控制软岩隧道拱脚沉降，创建具备主–被动联合支护功能的第二代隧道钢架网喷锁脚组合结构，分析小孔径预应力锁脚锚索相比传统锁脚锚管（杆）的支护性能优势。最后，通过现场试验检验小孔径预应力锁脚锚索对初期支护拱脚沉降的控制效果，并全面探讨后续应用中可能遇到的挑战。结果表明：（1）系统锚杆长度普遍较短，在软岩隧道中其支护作用难以有效发挥，这是以往软岩隧道少设甚至不设系统锚杆，转而重视隧道锁脚锚管（杆）支护的重要原因；（2）隧道上台阶受场地和空间限制，难以打设大管径锁脚锚管，而增加小管径锁脚锚管数量对拱脚沉降的控制效果仍较为有限；（3）采用小孔径预应力锁脚锚索可实现对初期支护拱脚的悬吊作用和主动支护作用，相比锁脚锚管（杆）依靠横向抗弯刚度抵抗拱脚沉降变形具有突出优势；（4）预应力锁脚锚索通过调整打设角度和位置，还可尝试应用于初期支护拱脚收敛变形的控制，具有良好的应用前景；（5）软岩隧道分部开挖施工中拱脚变形具有持续性和突然性，针对这种情况，以高强高韧结构为目标，提出了第三代隧道钢架网喷锁脚组合结构的设想，为开展后续系列研究提供方向。

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	陈丽俊
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关键词 ：隧道工程, 软岩, 拱脚, 沉降, 预应力锁脚锚索, 主动支护

Abstract：The arch foot of the initial support is a crucial component in the deformation control during the sequential excavation of soft rock tunnels. To address the issue of foot settlement control in the upper step of soft rock tunnels, this study first analyzed the settlement deformation mechanism of the arch foot and proposed an active control concept for foot settlement. Subsequently, the use of small-diameter prestressed feet-lock cables was suggested to control foot settlement. A second-generation support structure, combining steel-rib, steel mesh, shotcrete, and feet-lock pipes (cables) with both active and passive support functions, was established. The advantages of small-diameter prestressed feet-lock cables over traditional feet-lock pipes (bolts) were analyzed. Field tests verified the effectiveness of small-diameter prestressed feet-lock cables in controlling foot settlement of the initial support, and potential challenges in their future application were discussed comprehensively. The results indicated that: (1) The systematic bolts were generally short and ineffective in soft rock tunnels, leading to fewer installations and more focus on tunnel feet-lock pipes (bolts). (2) The upper step of the tunnel had limited space, making it difficult to install large-diameter feet-lock pipes, and increasing the number of small-diameter feet-lock pipes had limited control effect on foot settlement. (3) Small-diameter prestressed feet-lock cables provide suspension and active support functions for the arch foot of the initial support, offering significant advantages over feet-lock pipes (bolts) which rely on transverse bending stiffness to resist foot settlement deformation. (4) Prestressed feet-lock cables can also control foot convergence deformation of the initial support by adjusting installation angles and positions, showing promising application potential. (5) Foot deformation in sequential excavation of soft rock tunnels is persistent and sudden. For high strength and toughness structures, the concept of a third-generation support structure combining steel-rib, steel mesh, shotcrete, and feet-lock pipes (cables) is proposed, providing a direction for future research.

Key words： tunnel engineering soft rock arch foot settlement prestressed feet-lock cable active support

引用本文:

陈丽俊，陈建勋，郭会杰，张立鑫，孙鹏飞，罗华. 软岩隧道拱脚沉降的主动控制理念与技术实现[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(6): 1466-1480.
CHEN Lijun, CHEN Jianxun, GUO Huijie, ZHANG Lixin, SUN Pengfei, LUO Hua. The concept and technological implementation of active control for foot settlement of soft rock tunnels. , 2025, 44(6): 1466-1480.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0860 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I6/1466

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