慢速循环加载作用下堆石颗粒细观破碎机制研究

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2026.0081

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摘要长期慢速循环加载作用会引起堆石料强度与变形特性的持续演化。通过开展一系列堆石单颗粒破碎试验，研究初始粒径、循环加载次数和循环幅值对单颗粒破碎强度和破碎模式的影响；采用离散元方法模拟单颗粒循环加–卸载及再加载至破碎的全过程，基于Paris-Erdogan定律构建黏结强度劣化因子，并将其用于颗粒破碎判定，从颗粒尺度揭示慢速循环加载作用下堆石料强度劣化的内在机制。结果表明：（1）循环加载会对颗粒造成损伤，随着前期循环加载幅度和加载次数提升，堆石单颗粒的Weibull破碎强度降低；（2）循环加载会改变堆石颗粒的破碎模式，随着前期循环加载幅度和加载次数提升，颗粒趋向于碎成更多的小颗粒，破碎模式逐渐由爆裂型向破裂型和粉碎型转变；（3）较低的循环加载应力水平不会引起颗粒明显破碎，但会促进颗粒内部裂纹的疲劳扩展，所构建的黏结强度劣化因子可定量表征应力水平与循环次数对颗粒疲劳裂纹扩展的影响；（4）数值分析结果与试验规律一致，验证了所提出劣化因子与破碎判定方法的合理性，表明慢速循环荷载作用下单颗粒强度劣化的本质在于内部裂纹的疲劳扩展与累积贯通。

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	高昱芃1
	毛航宇1
	2*
	刘斯宏1
	2
	沈超敏1
	2
	孙屹3

关键词 ：土工试验, 堆石单颗粒, 慢速循环加载, 破碎强度, 疲劳裂纹扩展, 离散单元法

Abstract：Long-term slow cyclic loading progressively alters the strength and deformation characteristics of rockfill materials. A series of single-particle crushing tests was conducted to investigate the effects of initial particle size, number of loading cycles, and cyclic loading amplitude on the crushing strength and breakage modes of individual particles. In addition, discrete element simulations were performed to reproduce the complete loading history of a single particle, including cyclic loading-unloading and subsequent reloading to failure. Based on the Paris-Erdogan law, a bond-strength degradation factor was developed and incorporated into the particle breakage criterion, providing particle-scale insight into the underlying mechanism of rockfill strength degradation under slow cyclic loading. The results indicate that: (1) Cyclic loading induces cumulative damage, and the crushing strength of individual particles, which follows a Weibull distribution, decreases with increasing cyclic amplitude and number of cycles; (2) Cyclic loading markedly alters the breakage mode, with particles tending to fragment into a greater number of smaller pieces as the cyclic amplitude and number of cycles increase, while the failure pattern gradually shifts from explosive fragmentation to splitting and, ultimately, crushing; (3) Low cyclic stress levels may not produce pronounced macroscopic breakage, but they promote fatigue-crack growth within particles. The proposed bond-strength degradation factor quantitatively captures the coupled effects of stress level and cycle number on fatigue-crack propagation; and (4) the numerical results agree well with the experimental trends, validating the proposed degradation factor and breakage criterion. They further demonstrate that the fundamental mechanism underlying single-particle strength degradation under slow cyclic loading is the fatigue-driven propagation and progressive coalescence of internal cracks.

Key words： soil test rockfill single particle slow cyclic loading crushing strength fatigue crack propagation discrete element method (DEM)

引用本文:

高昱芃1，毛航宇1，2*，刘斯宏1，2，沈超敏1，2，孙屹3. 慢速循环加载作用下堆石颗粒细观破碎机制研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2026, 45(11): 3489-3500.
GAO Yupeng1, MAO Hangyu1, 2*, LIU Sihong1, 2, SHEN Chaomin1, 2, SUN Yi3. Mesoscopic fracture mechanism of rockfill particles under slow cyclic loading. , 2026, 45(11): 3489-3500.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2026.0081 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2026/V45/I11/3489

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