基于动量平衡的三维滑坡涌浪最大近场波幅预测

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2018.0864

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摘要滑坡体入水后诱发的涌浪可能会导致灾难性的后果，评估此类事件所带来的风险需要对涌浪特性(特别是近场区域)做出预测。从动量平衡角度出发，以滑坡冲击水体时的动量率作为涌浪产生的驱动力，并通过静水和波动条件假设实现滑坡向水体的动量传递，在三维散体滑坡背景下推导出涌浪最大近场波幅的理论表达式。建立水库滑坡涌浪三维物理模型，利用获得的实验数据与理论计算结果进行比较发现：(1) 三维涌浪最大近场波幅远未达到孤波破碎界限，不会在生成区破碎；(2) 当滑坡体入水后完全淹没时，近场最大波幅的理论计算值与实验值基本吻合，证明了理论表达式在深水滑坡中的有效性；(3) 对于浅水滑坡，受淹没率影响，当水深小于临界水深时实验结果出现与理论曲线相反的变化趋势。在进一步通过Mohammed(2010)模型实验数据及龚家坊滑坡涌浪现场观测资料的验证后也得到了类似的结果。综合以上分析，滑坡涌浪近场波特性应分别从深水和浅水两种情况考虑，在讨论理论模型的适用范围之后，动量平衡表达式可为深水滑坡涌浪近场最大波幅的预测提供一种新的方法。

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	韩林峰1
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	王平义1

关键词 ：边坡工程, 三维滑坡涌浪, 动量平衡, 最大近场波幅, 物理模型, 浅水滑坡, 淹没率

Abstract：When a slope slides into water，it creates the impulse waves whose effects may be catastrophic. Assessing the risk posed by such events requires the estimation of the characteristics of waves，especially in the near-field zone. The momentum rate from a landslide upon impacting the water body is the driving force for the generation of impulse waves. The theoretical relationships for the maximum near-field wave amplitude generated by three-dimensional deformable landslides are derived considering the momentum transfer under the hydrostatic and hydrodynamic assumptions. The three-dimensional experiments on tsunami generation by landslides were carried out in a wave flume. The comparisons between the measured values and the predicted wave amplitudes using the novel momentum-based equations indicate that the maximum near-field amplitude generated by three-dimensional landslides is far less than the breaking limit of solitary wave，and thus the wave will not break in the near-field. The results from the theoretical equations are in agreement with the laboratory data if the landslide is completely submerged after deposition. However，for the slope sliding into the shallow water，if the water depth is below the critical depth，the measured near-field amplitudes decrease sharply with the decreasing of water depth，which is opposite to the theoretical relationships. The similar results were also obtained in the three-dimensional experiments by Mohammed(2010) and in Gongjiafang case. The near field characteristics of landslide generated impulse waves for the cases of deep water and shallow water should therefore be studied separately. After discussing the limitations of the theoretical models，a new momentum-based method for predicting the maximum near-field wave amplitude is thus proposed.

Key words： slope engineering impulse wave generated by three-dimensional landslide momentum balance maximum near-field wave amplitude physical modelling landslides into shallow water submergence ratio

引用本文:

韩林峰1，2，王平义1. 基于动量平衡的三维滑坡涌浪最大近场波幅预测[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2018, 37(11): 2584-2592.
HAN Linfeng1，2，WANG Pingyi1. Prediction of the maximum near-field wave amplitude of impulse waves generated by three-dimensional landslides based on momentum balance. , 2018, 37(11): 2584-2592.

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http://www.rockmech.org/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2018.0864 或 http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2018/V37/I11/2584

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