岩体力学发展的一些回顾与若干未解之百年问题

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.0617

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摘要在讨论若干岩体力学概念的基础上，较全面地回顾与分析了全世界岩体力学发展中科学与应用2个方面的重要成就及不足，其中，在岩石力学试验机与试验方法方面，介绍了围压三轴试验机、刚性试验机、真三轴试验机、流变试验机、动力试验机、高温高压试验机、多场耦合作用试验机、CT‐岩石试验机、现场原位岩体试验及试验标准等；本构规律方面介绍了岩石全程应力‐应变曲线、围压三轴与真三轴力学特性、时效与尺寸效应特性、动力特性、渗流特性、多场耦合特性、结构面力学特性、岩体变形破坏的声光电磁热效应等；岩体力学理论方面介绍了岩体力学介质分类、块裂介质岩体力学、强度准则、本构规律、断裂与损伤力学、多场耦合模型与裂缝分布模型；数值计算方面介绍了数值方法与软件、位移反分析与智能分析方法。清晰地论述了工程岩体力学与灾害岩体力学分类、概念及其应用领域划分，分析、梳理了大坝工程、隧道工程、采矿工程、石油与非常规资源开发工程等重大工程的岩体力学原理，以及各个历史阶段工程技术变迁与发展的工程岩体力学的重要成就，分析、梳理了滑坡、瓦斯突出、岩爆与地震等自然与工程灾害发生及发展的岩体力学原理，以及各个历史阶段的预测防治技术的灾害岩体力学重要成就。详细分析、讨论了8个岩体力学未解之百年问题，包括岩体力学介质分类理论、缺陷层次对岩体变形破坏的控制作用和各向异性岩体力学理论与分析方法3个岩体力学理论问题，岩体尺度效应、时间效应、岩体系统失稳破坏的灾变‐混沌‐逾渗统一理论、完整岩石试件与岩体系统失稳破坏的时间‐位置与能量三要素预测预报5个非线性岩体力学问题。

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	赵阳升1
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关键词 ：岩体力学, 工程, 灾害, 发展回顾, 百年问题

Abstract：Based on several concepts of rock mass mechanics，this paper comprehensively reviewed and analyzed the important achievements and deficiencies in the theory and application of rock mass mechanics all around the world. In the part of rock mechanics testing machine and testing method，it mainly introduced triaxial testing machine，rigid testing machine，real triaxial testing machine，rheology testing machine，impact testing machine，high-temperature and high-pressure testing machine，multi-field coupling action testing machine，CT-Rock testing machine，in-situ test and test standards，etc. In the part of constitutive law，the whole stress-strain curve，the mechanical properties of rock under pseudo triaxial and real triaxial stresses，aging and size effect characteristics，dynamic characteristics，seepage characteristics，multi-field coupling characteristics，mechanical characteristics of structural surfaces，optoacoustic/electromagnetic/themal effects during rock deformation and failure were mainly introduced. In the theory of rock mass mechanics，the mechanical categorization of rock mass media，rock mass mechanics of matrix-fractured media，strength criteria，constitutive laws，fracture and damage mechanics，multi-field coupling model and fracture distribution model were introduced in detail. Numerical methods and software，displacement back analysis and intelligent analysis methods were introduced in the numerical calculation section. The classification，concepts and application fields of engineering rock mass mechanics and disaster rock mass mechanics were expounded，the rock mass mechanics principles of major projects such as dam engineering，tunnel engineering，mining engineering，petroleum and unconventional resource development engineering were analyzed and condensed，and the important achievements of various historical stages in the evolution of engineering rock mechanics were listed. The rock mass mechanics principles in the initiation and exacerbation of natural and engineering disasters，such as landslides，gas outbursts，rock bursts，earthquakes were combed，and the important achievements of disaster rock mass mechanics in disaster prediction and prevention technology were enumerated. Through in-depth analysis，eight unsolved problems of rock mass mechanics were put forward in the past century，including three theoretical problems of rock mass mechanics，such as media classification theory，control effect of defect levels on the deformation and failure of rock masses，and anisotropic rock mass mechanics theory and analysis methods，etc. The other five questions are related to nonlinear rock mass mechanics，namely，rock mass scale effect，time effect，unified theory of catastrophe-chaos-percolation in the process of instability and failure of rock mass system，and predicting the failure time，failure location and released energy in the instability and failure process of the intact rock sample and the rock mass system.

Key words： rock mass mechanics engineering geo-disaster development and review centennial Problems

引用本文:

赵阳升1，2. 岩体力学发展的一些回顾与若干未解之百年问题[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2021, 40(7): 1297-1336.
ZHAO Yangsheng1，2. Retrospection on the development of rock mass mechanics and the summary of some unsolved centennial problems. , 2021, 40(7): 1297-1336.

链接本文:

http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.0617 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2021/V40/I7/1297

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