多簇水力裂缝起裂与扩展物理模拟试验系统研制及验证

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.0058

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摘要水平井分段多簇压裂技术是开发页岩气藏的核心技术手段，为真实模拟多簇压裂过程，了解段内多裂缝扩展规律及相互干扰机制，研制多簇水力裂缝起裂与扩展物理模拟试验系统。该试验系统在已有大型真三轴水力压裂试验系统的基础上设计多通道压裂井筒、复合包裹层状人工试样，增加多簇分流与监测系统、应变监测系统，具体特点如下：(1) 多通道压裂井筒可设置若干个相互独立的射孔簇起裂位置，并确保各射孔簇位置充分起裂扩展；(2) 综合考虑试验机容许最大试样尺寸、裂缝扩展路径最大化、缝间应力干扰、裂缝起裂扩展后的压力保持、层理影响等因素，制备边长500 mm的复合包裹层状人工压裂立方体试样；(3) 多簇分流与监测系统能够对各簇通道瞬时流量、压力、累积注入体积实时监测，有助于了解各簇通道间的流量竞争及分配机制；(4) 应变监测系统可实时监测记录压裂过程中各射孔簇及裂缝扩展路径周围岩体的变形特征，能够进一步探究水力裂缝的断裂行为；(5) 该系统不仅能够模拟多簇裂缝起裂与扩展，也能够选择性关闭充分进液扩展的若干通道，模拟现场初次压裂后投球暂堵再次压裂的工艺。开展的真三轴多簇压裂试验验证了该系统的有效性，试验结果表明，后续起裂的射孔簇破裂压力呈逐渐增大的趋势，改造面积呈减小的趋势。该试验系统的研制为研究分段多簇压裂技术提供了新方法，可推进对多簇水力裂缝起裂与扩展规律及缝间应力干扰机制的深入研究。

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	毕振辉1
	王磊2
	杨涵志1
	郭印同2
	周俊2
	常鑫2
	杨春和1
	2

关键词 ：岩石力学, 多簇水力压裂, 物理模拟试验系统, 多裂缝扩展, 应变监测

Abstract：Horizontal well segmented multi-cluster fracturing technology is a core technical means for the development of shale gas reservoirs. For truly simulating the multi-cluster fracturing progress to reveal the propagation law and mutual interference mechanism of multiple fractures within the segments，a physical simulation experiment system for the initiation and propagation of multi-cluster hydraulic fractures was developed based on an existing large triaxial hydraulic fracturing experiment system，by designing a multi-channel fracturing wellbore and composite wrapped layered artificial specimens and equipping a multi-cluster shunt and monitoring system and a strain monitoring system. The advantages and innovations of the test system include that：(1) a number of independent fracture positions can be set in the multi-channel fracturing wellbore to guarantee the sufficient fracture propagation at each perforation cluster，(2) composite wrapped layered artificial fracturing cube samples with a side length of 500 mm can be prepared by considering the maximum allowable sample size of the testing machine，the maximum fracture propagation path，the stress interference between fractures，the pressure maintenance after fracture initiation and propagation，the influence of bedding and other factors，(3) the multi-cluster shunt and monitoring system can monitor the instantaneous flow rate，the pressure and the cumulative injection volume of each cluster channel in real time，which is helpful to understand the flow competition and allocation mechanism，(4) the strain monitoring system can monitor and record the deformation characteristics of the rock mass around each perforation cluster and fracture propagation path in real time during the fracturing process，which could be used for explaining the propagation behavior of hydraulic fractures，and (5) the system can not only simulate the initiation and propagation of multiple clusters of fractures，but also imitate the ball-sealer in-stage diversion technology and re-fracturing after the initial fracturing by selectively shutting a number of channels with sufficient fluid intake. A true triaxial multi-cluster fracturing test was carried out to verify the effectiveness of the system. The test results show that the breakdown pressure of the subsequent perforation clusters gradually increases while the corresponding stimulated area decreases. The developed experiment system provides a new method for the study of multi-cluster fracturing，which can promote the in-depth study of the initiation and propagation of multi-cluster hydraulic fractures and the stress interference mechanism between the fractures.

Key words： rock mechanics multi-cluster hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment system multiple fractures propagation strain monitoring

引用本文:

毕振辉1，王磊2，杨涵志1，郭印同2，周俊2，常鑫2，杨春和1，2. 多簇水力裂缝起裂与扩展物理模拟试验系统研制及验证[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2021, 40(11): 2273-2285.
BI Zhenhui1，WANG Lei2，YANG Hanzhi1，GUO Yintong2，ZHOU Jun2，CHANG Xin2，YANG Chunhe1，2. Development and verification of a physical simulation experiment system for initiation and propagation of multiple clusters of hydraulic fractures. , 2021, 40(11): 2273-2285.

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http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.0058 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2021/V40/I11/2273

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