高地温隧道灾变机制与灾害防控研究进展

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2022.0186

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摘要随着隧道工程向着“深、大、长”的方向发展，高地温成为隧道建设不可避免的地质灾害之一。从高地温隧道的主要灾害形式、分类分级标准和灾害防控技术3个方面对相关文献进行归纳，总结已有研究成果。高地温主要致灾形式包括导致隧道内部湿热环境、加剧隧道围岩变形与破坏和诱发隧道支护结构失效。已有地下工程的热害分类分级标准主要以围岩温度和隧道内环境温度为依据，重点考虑高地温造成的热环境对施工人员健康的影响，忽略了高地温对围岩和支护结构的影响，且未能考虑高温涌水。高地温隧道湿热环境调控技术包括非人工制冷降温技术和人工制冷降温技术，探索适合高温环境的支护结构形式、技术与材料是控制围岩变形与破坏和预防支护结构失效的主要途径。西南地区是我国面临高地温灾害的重要区域之一，具有超高岩温、高温涌水、超长距离通风和高原高寒气候等特征，综合考虑该地区高地温诱发的灾害类型，提出以干热型和水热型为两大类的高地温隧道热害分类分级标准。在此基础上，结合“对症下药，分类防治”的高地温隧道热害防控原则，探索了西南地区极端高地温隧道灾害防控对策。

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	郭平业1
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	卜墨华1
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	张鹏1
	2
	李清波1
	2
	何满潮1
	2

关键词 ：隧道工程, 高地温, 灾变机制, 灾害控制, 湿热环境

Abstract：With the development of tunnel engineering in the direction of “deep，large and long”，high geotemperature has become one of the inevitable geological disasters in tunnels. This paper summarizes the literature from three aspects：the disaster forms，classification standards and disaster control technology of high geotemperature tunnels. The disasters caused by high geotemperature mainly include high-temperature and high-humidity environments，deformation and failure of tunnel surrounding rock，and failure of the supporting structure. The existing classification standards of heat-hazard in underground engineering are mainly based on the surrounding rock temperature and the ambient temperature in the tunnel，focusing on the impact of thermal environment caused by high geotemperature on the health of workers，while ignoring the influence of high geotemperature on surrounding rock and supporting structures. Meanwhile，high temperature water gushing is not considered. The control technology of high-temperature and high-humidity environment includes non-artificial cooling technology and artificial cooling technology. Exploring the form，technology and material of supporting structure suitable for high temperature environment is the main way to control the deformation and destruction of surrounding rock and prevent the failure of supporting structure. Southwest area is an important area facing high geotemperature disasters in China，with disaster characteristics such as ultra-high rock temperature，high-temperature water gushing，ultra-long-distance ventilation and plateau cold climate. Based on the consideration of the types of disasters induced by high geotemperature，the classification criteria of heat-hazard of high geotemperature tunnels are explored，which are based on dry heat type and hydrothermal type. On this basis，combined with the principle of “prescribing the right remedy to the case，classified control”，the disaster countermeasures of extremely high geotemperature tunnel of southwest area are explored.

Key words： tunnel engineering high geotemperature catastrophe mechanism disaster countermeasure heat-humidity environment

引用本文:

郭平业1，2，卜墨华1，2，张鹏1，2，李清波1，2，何满潮1，2. 高地温隧道灾变机制与灾害防控研究进展[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2023, 42(7): 1561-1581.
GUO Pingye1，2，BU Mohua1，2，ZHANG Peng1，2，LI Qingbo1，2，HE Manchao1，2. Review on catastrophe mechanism and disaster countermeasure of high geotemperature tunnels. , 2023, 42(7): 1561-1581.

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http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2022.0186 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2023/V42/I7/1561

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