真三轴单面卸荷条件下隧道岩爆特征的径向应力梯度效应研究

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摘要为研究径向应力梯度对隧道岩爆多元灾变信息响应特征的影响，采用自主设计的新型岩爆试验方法与应力路径，研究不同径向应力梯度下岩爆的灾变过程、碎块抛射、声发射信号特性及能量演化特征等多元信息。基于岩爆三维多晶离散元数值分析方法，研究多物理量响应的岩爆孕育演化全过程；探讨径向应力梯度对岩爆破坏的影响机制。研究结果表明：径向应力梯度为20/50/80 kPa/mm，岩样均发生不同剧烈程度的岩爆破坏，岩爆灾变过程为颗粒局部弹射、岩石劈裂成板、板折断裂成块和块片全面弹射。随着径向应力梯度增大，岩样破坏模式由拉伸破坏逐渐转变为剪切–拉伸破坏。岩爆的形成机制归纳为张拉破坏、剪切破坏及拉–剪复合破坏3个渐进过程。随着径向应力梯度的增加，岩样的RA-AF值分布范围及数量逐渐增多，且剪切裂纹区域的分布范围及数量逐渐增大。岩爆碎块多以粗、中和细粒为主，岩爆碎块宏观块体特征反映了岩石破碎程度，岩爆碎块的破碎程度随着径向应力梯度的增大而增大。不同径向应力梯度下，岩样的总能量转化速率＞弹性应变能转化速率＞耗散能转化速率，且弹性应变能转化率越高、耗散能转化率越低，致使岩爆发生的烈度等级越高；在岩爆能量演化过程中弹性应变能与耗散能存在明显的竞争演化机制。利用数值分析方法再现岩爆孕育演化全过程，亦能反映岩爆多元分区破坏特征。根据岩爆破坏特征可将岩爆划分为破裂剥离型与爆裂抛射型。

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	孙飞跃1
	郭佳奇2
	张小兵1
	何本国3
	田永超2

关键词 ：隧道工程, 岩爆, 径向应力梯度, 真三轴试验, 数值模拟

Abstract：This research investigates the influence of radial stress gradient on the responses of multivariate catastrophic information of catastrophe process，fragment ejection，acoustic emission signals，and energy evolution related to rockburst in tunnel by using the self-designed rockburst test method and stress path. The three-dimensional polycrystalline discrete element numerical analyses are performed to explore the whole process of rockburst with multi-physics response，and to discuss the influence mechanism of radial stress gradient on rockburst. The findings reveal that rock samples exhibit varying degrees of rockburst under radial stress gradient of 20，50，and 80 kPa/mm. The formation mechanism of rockburst can be delineated into three progressive processes：tensile failure，shear failure，and tensile-shear composite failure. As the radial stress gradient increases，both the distribution range and number of RA-AF values of rock samples gradually increase，along with an increase in the distribution range and number of shear cracks. The rockburst fragments primarily consists of coarse，medium，and fine fragments，and macroscopic characteristics of these fragments reflect the degree of rock fragmentation. The fragmentation degree of rockburst fragments escalates with increasing radial stress gradient. The multivariate catastrophic information under varying radial stress gradients follows the hierarchy：total energy conversion rate＞elastic strain energy conversion rate＞dissipation energy conversion rate. A higher conversion rate of elastic strain energy and a lower conversion rate of dissipative energy correspond to a higher intensity level of rockburst. Furthermore，a competitive evolution mechanism between elastic strain energy and dissipation energy is evident throughout the energy evolution process of rockburst. The whole evolution process of rockburst is effectively reproduced through numerical analysis，which also captures its multi-zonal failure characteristics. Based on the observed characteristics，rockburst can be divided into two types：rupture-stripping and burst-ejection.

Key words： tunnel engineering rockburst radial stress gradient true triaxial test numerical simulation

引用本文:

孙飞跃1，郭佳奇2，张小兵1，何本国3，田永超2. 真三轴单面卸荷条件下隧道岩爆特征的径向应力梯度效应研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(2): 373-390.
SUN Feiyue1，GUO Jiaqi2，ZHANG Xiaobing1，HE Benguo3，TIAN Yongchao2. Research on the radial stress gradient effect of rockburst characteristics in tunnel under true triaxial condition with single-side unloading. , 2025, 44(2): 373-390.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I2/373

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