(1. State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering，Tongji University，Shanghai 200092，China；
2. Department of Geotechnical Engineering，Tongji University，Shanghai 200092，China；3. School of Civil
Engineering and Architecture，Chongqing University of Science and Technology，Chongqing 401331，China；
4. China Railway Liuyuan Group Co.，Ltd.，Tianjin 300308，China)
Abstract：Drill-and-blast tunnel method and TBM tunnelling are commonly used in divisional excavation when a tunnel passes through rock and soil strata. A transition tunnel is generally built to connect the drill-and-blast tunnel and the TBM tunnel. As a result，the stiffness of the tunnel changes suddenly due to different cross sections and types. The transition tunnel becomes precarious under earthquake loadings，which should be paid significant attentions in seismic design. Regarding to the anti-earthquake issue of the tunnel passing through the rock-soil strata in seismically active areas，a shaking table test is carried out to study the seismic response of the transition tunnel under strong earthquake loadings. Accelerations at different tunnel portions，pressures between rock and lining，and joint extensions of the TBM tunnel are analysed based on the shaking table test. Furthermore，the influence of the stiffness change on the dynamic response of tunnel is discussed. Results show that the acceleration amplification factor of tunnel decreases with the increase of input ground motion intensity. The tunnel with larger stiffness leads to larger amplification factors. The rock-lining pressure increases with the increase of earthquake intensity；while the pressure shows a slow increase when the PGA reaches to 0.5 g. It is speculated that tunnel structure and rock show regional damages. Also，higher earthquake intensity shows larger joints extensions of shield tunnel. It is noted that the joint extension close to the inner lining is five times to the extension at normal area due to the sudden change of stiffness at the inner lining area. The research is able to provide guidance for the seismic design of the transition tunnel with changing stiffness.
[1] 张继超，周建军，孙飞祥，等. 厦门地铁3号线过海段隧道盾构法与矿山法海下对接施工风险评估[J]. 隧道建设(中英文)，2021，41(2)：225–231.(ZHANG Jichao，ZHOU Jianjun，SUN Feixiang，et al. Risk assessment on underwater docking construction of shield and mined tunnel of subsea section on Xiamen metro line No. 3[J]. Tunnel Construction，2021，41(2)：225–231.(in Chinese))
[2] YAMAMOTO T，TATEISHI A，TSUCHIYA M. Seismic design for immersed tube tunnel and its connection with tunnel in Marmaray project[C]// Second European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology. [S. l.]：[s. n.]，2014：25–29.
[3] 李天斌. 汶川特大地震中山岭隧道变形破坏特征及影响因素分析[J]. 工程地质学报，2008，16(6)：742–750.(LI Tianbin. Failure characteristics and influence factor analysis of mountain tunnels at epicenter zones of great Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology，2008，16(6)：742–750.(in Chinese))
[4] 张 迪，焦齐柱，徐意智，等. 地震作用下盾构隧道横通道对主隧道的影响分析[J]. 地下空间与工程学报，2014，10(增1)：1 584–1 589.(ZHANG Di，JIAO Qizhu，XU Yizhi，et al. Analysis on influence of cross passage on seismic behavior of the main tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering，2014，10(Supp.1)：1 584–1 589.(in Chinese))
[5] ZHANG J，YUAN Y，BAO Z，et al. Shaking table tests on the intersection of cross passage and twin tunnels[J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering，2019，124：136–150.
[6] 何 悦，何 川，耿 萍，等. 盾构隧道联络横通道地震响应振动台试验[J]. 中国公路学报，2017，30(8)：193–200.(HE Yue，HE Chuan，GENG Ping，et al. Shaking table test on seismic response of structure at shield tunnel and transverse passage[J]. Journal of China Highway，2017，30(8)：193–200.(in Chinese))
[7] ZHANG J，YUAN Y，BILOTTA E，et al. Analytical solutions for seismic responses of shaft-tunnel junction under longitudinal excitations[J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering，2020，131：106033.
[8] ZHANG J，YUAN Y，BAO Z，et al. Shaking table tests on shaft-tunnel junction under longitudinal excitations[J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering，2020，132：106055.
[9] KAWAMATA Y，NAKAYAMA M，TOWHATA I，et al. Dynamic behaviors of underground structures in e-defense shaking experiments[J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering，2016，82：24–39.
[10] 郭志明，李思明，袁 勇，等. 土–岩变化地层盾构隧道纵向地震作用试验研究[J]. 土木工程学报，2021，54(增1)：58–64.(GUO Zhiming，LI Siming，YUAN Yong，et al. Experimental research on shield-driven tunnel crossing soil-rock interface under longitudinal excitations[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal，2021，54(Supp.1)：58–64.(in Chinese))
[11] 禹海涛，张正伟，吴勇信，等. 变刚度隧道纵向简化地震响应分析方法[J]. 地震工程与工程振动，2018，38(4)：70–76.(YU Haitao，ZHANG Zhengwei，WU Yongxin，et al. Analysis methods for simplified longitudinal seismic response of variable stiffness tunnels[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics，2018，38(4)：70–76.(in Chinese))
[12] 禹海涛，袁 勇. 长大隧道地震响应分析与试验方法新进展[J]. 中国公路学报，2018，31(10)：19–35.(YU Haitao，YUAN Yong. Review on seismic response analysis and test methods for long and large tunnels[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport，2018，31(10)：19–35.(in Chinese))
[13] BAO Z，YUAN Y，YU H. Multi-scale physical model of shield tunnels applied in shaking table test[J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering，2017，100：465–479.
[14] 中铁隧道勘测设计院有限公司. 厦门市轨道交通3号线工程初步设计(第九篇 区间 第十五册 五缘湾站–会展中心站区间)[R]. 天津：中铁隧道勘测设计院有限公司，2015.(China Railway Tunnel Survey and Design Institute Ltd.. Preliminary design of Xiamen city rail transit line 3 project(Part 9 section Volume 15 Wu Yuanwan station-convention center station section)[R]. Tianjin：China Railway Tunnel Survey and Design Institute Ltd.，2015.(in Chinese))
[15] HASHASH Y M A，HOOK J J，SCHMIDT B，et al. Seismic design and analysis of underground structures[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology Incorporating Trenchless Technology Research，2001，16(4)：247–293.
[16] 封 坤，何 川，夏松林. 大断面盾构隧道结构横向刚度有效率的原型试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报，2011，33(11)：1 750–1 758.(FENG Kun，HE Chuan，XIA Songlin. Prototype tests on effective bending rigidity ratios of segmental lining structure for shield tunnel with large cross-section[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2011，33(11)：1 750–1 758.(in Chinese))
[17] 叶 飞，杨鹏博，毛家骅. 基于模型试验的盾构隧道纵向刚度分析[J]. 岩土工程学报，2015，37(1)：83–90.(YE Fei，YANG Pengbo，MAO Jiaye. Longitudinal rigidity of shield tunnels based on model tests[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2015，37(1)：83–90.(in Chinese))
[18] ST-JOHN C M，ZAHRAH T F. Aseismic design of underground structures[J]. Tunnelling Underground Space Technology，1987，2(2)：165–197.
[19] DOWDING C H，ROZEN A. Damage to rock tunnels from earthquake shaking[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division，ASCE：1978，104(2)：175–191.
[20] SHARMA S，JUDD W R. Underground opening damage from earthquakes[J]. Engineering Geology，1991，30(3/4)：263–276.
2023, Vol. 42 
