盾构施工对上部地层受荷变形影响试验研究

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0283

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摘要为探究盾构施工对上部地层受荷变形影响的机制，自主设计相似比为1∶10的模型盾构机，并以此进行模拟盾构施工，仅考虑盾构开挖过程对上部土体受荷变形的影响，同时对上部地层的沉降和土压力变化进行实时监测与分析。研究结果表明：(1) 对于松散软弱地层，在盾构施工始发阶段，上部地层沉降现象不明显，随着掘进距离的增大，土体沉降逐渐增大，并在掘进超过相应断面约0.7倍的开挖直径时达到峰值；(2) 盾构开挖过程中，开挖面及两侧一定范围内土压力均呈现出减小的趋势，在相同深度上，靠近开挖面位置土压力减小的幅度更大，而后期土压力回升值也较大；(3) 在距离开挖面水平净距约0.2倍开挖直径位置处产生了明显的土拱现象，土压力出现明显的增大现象；(4) 在实际施工过程中，对于软弱松散地层，为了减小地层损失，建议将刀盘直径设计为与盾壳直径相同。

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	黄大维
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	陈后宏

关键词 ：隧道工程, 盾构施工, 模型试验, 土体沉降, 地层变形

Abstract：In order to explore the mechanism of the influence of shield construction on the load deformation of the upper stratum，a model shield machine with a similarity ratio of 1∶10 was independently designed to simulate the shield construction. Only the influence of the shield excavation process on the load deformation of the upper soil was considered. At the same time，the settlement and soil pressure changes of the upper stratum were monitored and analyzed in real time. The results show that：(1) for the loose and weak stratum，the settlement of the upper stratum is not obvious in the initial stage of shield construction. With the increase of the excavation distance，the settlement of the soil gradually increases，and reaches the peak when the excavation exceeds about 0.7 times the excavation diameter of the corresponding section. (2) In the process of shield excavation，the soil pressure on the excavation face and on both sides shows a decreasing trend in a certain range. At the same depth，the soil pressure near the excavation face decreases more，and the soil pressure increases more in the later period. (3) There is an obvious soil arching phenomenon at the position of about 0.2 times the excavation diameter from the horizontal net distance of the excavation face，and the soil pressure increases obviously. (4) In the actual construction process，for the weak loose stratum，in order to reduce the formation loss，it is recommended to design the cutterhead diameter as the same as the shield shell diameter.

Key words： tunnelling engineering shield construction model test soil settlement formation deformation

引用本文:

黄大维，卢文剑，罗文俊，陈凯，陈后宏. 盾构施工对上部地层受荷变形影响试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(S1): 51-60.
HUANG Dawei，LU Wenjian，LUO Wenjun，CHEN Kai，CHEN Houhong. Experimental study on the influence of shield construction on the deformation of upper strata under load. , 2025, 44(S1): 51-60.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0283 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/IS1/51

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