砂岩三轴循环加卸载峰后力学突变行为

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0531

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摘要三轴应力循环加卸载试验常被用于揭示扰动诱发的岩石累积损伤断裂力学行为。考虑到砂岩峰后破坏的突发性，首先设计峰前按轴向应力等梯度加载、峰后由应力降控制卸载的恒围压变轴压的试验应力路径。通过试验发现砂岩在峰后循环加卸载破坏过程中具有明显的力学行为转换特征，存在明显的应力降、能量密度降和损伤激增现象，均与宏观断裂面的形成密切相关。其次，提出精准划分峰后延性软化和宏观断裂两阶段应力降的依据，划分砂岩循环加卸载全过程体积应变与偏应力关系的3个阶段：全过程压缩、先扩容后压缩与全过程扩容，建议以基于体胀突变点识别方法或最大能量降计算方法确立的断裂强度作为峰后力学临界行为转换点。进一步，揭示砂岩峰值前和峰值后循环加卸载弹性能密度非线性演化特征及能量密度降与偏应力关系，并定义一种新的考虑循环加卸载能量累积的损伤变量公式，累积损伤在延性软化阶段与裂隙体积应变近似呈线性关系，而在宏观断裂阶段出现激增现象；损伤激增量与围压近似成线性反比关系，新损伤定义可以更好地揭示峰后损伤突变特征。研究结果表明三轴循环加卸载试验设计可为层次揭开砂岩峰后力学突变行为提供可靠方法。

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	程建超1
	刘殷彤1
	张辽1
	刘升贵1
	侯孟冬1
	毛婷婷1
	李阳2
	薛东杰1
	3

关键词 ：岩石力学, 三轴应力循环加卸载试验, 峰后破坏, 应力降, 能量密度降, 力学突变行为

Abstract：A design of cyclic loading and unloading stress path before or after strength in triaxial compression is often adopted to describe the accumulated damage in rock. Considering the sudden failure of sandstone，a design with the same stress increment as the gradient to load axial stress was adopted in pre-peak，another stress drop-based unloading path was suggested in post-peak stage. The experimental results show that there are obvious stress drop，energy density drop and accumulated damage surges in the cyclic process after the peak strength，which are all strongly correlated to the generation of macro fracture surfaces separating the intact sandstone into discrete parts. Then，according to the correlation of volumetric strain and axial strain，an accurate division of the post-peak stress drop into two parts is effectively made by defining the ductile soften behavior and the macro surfaces-fracturing behavior. Three correlation modes are summarized to characterize the variation of volumetric strain with deviator stress during the whole loading-unloading stage，which are compression at the full process，compression after expansion, and expansion at full process. A new definition of post-peak fracture strength is made as stress boundary of ductile soften behavior and macro fracturing behavior，which is determined based on recognizing the critical transition of post-peak volumetric-axial strain relationship or the maximum drop of energy density. In addition， the non-linear evolution of elastic energy density is effectively described in the pre- and post-peak stages of sand rock under tri-axial cyclic loading and unloading stress. A new damage variable considering the accumulation of energy lost in each cyclic is defined. The results show that there is a liner relationship between the new damage variable and fracture volumetric strain in the ductile softening stage after post-peak and a clear surge of accumulated damage occurs in the macro surface-fracturing stage，as well as the corresponding damage increment linearly decreases with the confining pressure. The research results indicate that the design of tri-axial cyclic loading and unloading tests provides a feasible way to gradually reveal the critical mechanics of sand rock.

Key words： rock mechanics tri-axial cyclic loading and unloading test post-peak failure stress drop energy density drop critical transition

引用本文:

程建超1，刘殷彤1，张辽1，刘升贵1，侯孟冬1，毛婷婷1，李阳2，薛东杰1，3. 砂岩三轴循环加卸载峰后力学突变行为[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(4): 850-864.
CHENG Jianchao1，LIU Yintong1，ZHANG Liao1，LIU Shenggui1，HOU Mengdong1，MAO Tingting1，LI Yang2，XUE Dongjie1，3. Critical transition of post-peak failure of sandstone under tri-axial cyclic loading and unloading stress. , 2025, 44(4): 850-864.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0531 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I4/850

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