CNL及DNL两类边界条件下粗糙结构面剪切力学特性及破坏机制比较研究

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0610

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摘要开挖扰动、地震等引发的动态荷载对节理岩体的变形失稳具有重要影响，为了研究结构面在动态法向荷载作用下的剪切力学特性，开展红砂岩结构面在动态法向荷载(DNL)和常法向荷载(CNL)边界条件下的剪切试验，对比分析2类边界条件下结构面的剪切强度、破坏模式、声发射特性和破坏机制。剪切试验表明，在DNL条件下的剪切应力响应滞后于动态法向应力的变化，其相位偏移量与初始法向应力和粗糙度呈正相关关系。动态法向荷载对峰值剪切强度的影响与破坏模式相关，当以爬坡剪胀破坏模式为主时，动态法向荷载强化峰值剪切强度，而以凸起体剪断破碎为主时，则弱化峰值剪切强度。结构面在动态法向荷载作用下的剪胀效应受到了显著的抑制作用，使得结构面磨损和凸起体的剪断破碎加剧。声发射监测结果表明，动态法向荷载加剧了剪切初始阶段的破坏程度，促使剪切过程中剪切型破裂占比增大，张拉型破裂随之减小。基于试验结果与剪切破坏机制，构建考虑动态法向荷载作用的剪胀角理论模型，提出DNL条件下结构面的峰值剪切强度预测公式，验证结果表明其具有较高的预测精度。

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	张小波1
	2
	易乐1
	2
	姚池1
	2
	马永力1
	2
	杨建华1
	2
	姜清辉3
	周创兵1
	2

关键词 ：岩石力学, 动态法向荷载, 剪切特性, 粗糙结构面, 声发射特征, 破坏机制, 强度模型

Abstract：The dynamic loads induced by excavation disturbance and earthquake significantly influence the deformation and instability of jointed rock masses. To investigate the shear mechanical properties of rock joints under dynamic normal load，a series of shear tests were conducted on red sandstones under both dynamic normal load(DNL) and constant normal load(CNL) boundary conditions. The test results，i.e.，shear strengths，failure modes，acoustic emission characteristics and failure pattern obtained under the two boundary conditions were comparatively analyzed. The analysis shows that the shear stress reflects was lagged the dynamic normal stress and the phase offset was positively correlated with the initial normal stress and joints roughness. The influence of dynamic normal load on peak shear strength depended on the failure mode. When the primary failure mode was climbing and dilation，the peak shear strength was increased by the dynamic normal load；conversely，when the failure mode was dominated by shearing and fracturing of asperities，the peak shear strength was decreased. The dilation was significantly confined by the dynamic normal load，which exacerbated the wear on joints surface and the degradation of asperities. The acoustic emission monitoring results indicated that the dynamic normal load intensified the damage degree at the initial shear stage. It increased the proportion of shear fractures whereas decreased the proportion of tensile fractures. Based on obtained test results and revealed shear mechanism，a dilatancy model was deduced considering the influence of the dynamic normal load. Finally，a model for predicting the peak shear strength of joints under DNL conditions was proposed and it was validated to have a satisfactory prediction accuracy.

Key words： rock mechanics dynamic normal load shear characteristics rough joints acoustic emission features failure mechanism shear strength model

引用本文:

张小波1，2，易乐1，2，姚池1，2，马永力1，2，杨建华1，2，姜清辉3，周创兵1，2. CNL及DNL两类边界条件下粗糙结构面剪切力学特性及破坏机制比较研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(4): 865-880.
ZHANG Xiaobo1，2，YI Le1，2，YAO Chi1，2，MA Yongli1，2，YANG Jianhua1，2，JIANG Qinghui3，ZHOU Chuangbing1，2. Comparative study on shear mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of rough joints under CNL and DNL boundary conditions. , 2025, 44(4): 865-880.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0610 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I4/865

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[15]	尹敬涵，崔臻，盛谦，等. 循环荷载作用下岩石劈裂结构面剪切力学特性演化与影响因素研究[J]. 岩土力学，2023，44(1)：109-118.(YIN Jinghan，CUI Zhen，SHENG Qian，et al. Shear mechanical characteristics evolution and influencing factors of rock discontinuities under cyclic loading[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2023，44(1)：109-118.(in Chinese))
[29]	DU K，LI X F，TAO M，et al. Experimental study on acoustic emission (AE) characteristics and crack classification during rock fracture in several basic lab tests[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2020，133(6)：104411.
[16]	杨嘉楠，范鹏贤，王明洋. 低频重复扰动下预加应力结构面变形破坏特性试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2023，42(7)：1 720-1 730. (YANG Jianan，FAN Pengxian，WANG Mingyang. Deformation and failure characteristics of pre-stressed joints under repeated low frequency disturbances[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2023，42(7)：1 720-1 730.(in Chinese))
[30]	吴顺川，甘一雄，任义，等. 基于RA与AF值的声发射指标在隧道监测中的可行性[J]. 工程科学学报，2020，42(6)：723-730.(WU Shunchuan，GAN Yixiong，REN Yi，et al. Feasibility research of AE monitoring index in tunnel based on RA and AF[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering，2020，42(6)：723-730.(in Chinese))
[17]	DANG W G，KONIETZKY H，FRUEHWIRT T. Direct shear behavior of planar joints under cyclic normal load conditions：effect of different cyclic normal force amplitudes[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2017，50(11)：3 101-3 107.
[31]	PATTON F D. Multiple modes of shear failure in rock[C]// Proceeding of the 1st Congress of International Society for Rock Mechanics. Lisbon，Portugal：[s. n.]，1966：509-513.
[18]	GONG H L，WANG G，LUO Y，et al. Shear fracture behaviors and acoustic emission characteristics of granite with discontinuous joints under combinations of normal static loads and dynamic disturbances[J]. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics，2023，125(5)：103923.
[32]	BARTON N. Review of a new shear strength criterion for rock joints[J]. Engineering Geology，1973，7(4)：287-332
[19]	代万里，张强，谷邱鑫，等. 法向动载条件下粗糙岩质节理面剪切力学特性试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2024，43(7)：1 751-1 762.(DAI Wanli，ZHANG Qiang，GU Qiuxin，et al. Experimental study on the shear mechanical behaviors of a rough rock joint surface under dynamic normal load boundary condition[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2024，43(7)：1 751-1 762.(in Chinese))
[20]	BARTON N，CHOUBEY V. The shear strength of rock joints in theory and practice[J]. Rock Mechanics，1977，10(1)：1-54.
[21]	ZHANG X B，JIANG Q H，KULATILAKE P H S W，et al. Influence of asperity morphology on failure characteristics and shear strength properties of rock joints under direct shear tests[J]. International Journal of Geomechanics，2019，19(2)：04018196.
[22]	夏元友，吝曼卿，廖璐璐，等. 大尺寸试件岩爆试验岩屑分形特征分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2014，33(7)：1 358-1 365.(XIA Yuanyou，LIN Manqing，LIAO Lulu，et al. Fractal characteristic analysis of fragments from rockburst tests of large-diameter specimens[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2014，33(7)：1 358-1 365.(in Chinese))
[23]	焦峰，许江，彭守建，等. 常法向刚度条件下人工结构面剪切力学特性及损伤演化规律试验研究[J]. 煤炭学报，2023，48(11)：4 065-4 077.(JIAO Feng，XU Jiang，PENG Shoujian，et al. Experimental study on shear mechanical properties and damage evolution of artificial structural plane under condition normal stiffness[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2023，48(11)：4 065-4 077.(in Chinese))
[24]	何满潮，赵菲，杜帅，等. 不同卸载速率下岩爆破坏特征试验分析[J]. 岩土力学，2014，35(10)：2 737-2 747.(HE Manchao，ZHAO Fei，DU Shuai，et al. Rockburst characteristics based on experimental tests under different unloading rates[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2014，35(10)：2 737-2 747.(in Chinese))
[25]	CHEN Y D，ZHANG C Y，ZHAO Z H，et al. Shear behavior of artificial and natural granite fractures after heating and water?cooling treatment[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2020，53(12)：5 429-5 449.
[26]	王聚贤，梁鹏，张艳博，等. 基于声发射RA-AF值与Kneedle算法的岩石拉剪破裂分类研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2024，43(增1)：3 267-3 279.(WANG Juxian，LIANG Peng，ZHANG Yanbo，et al. Research on classification of rock tensile-shear fracture based on acoustic emission RA-AF values and Kneedle algorithm[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2024，43(Supp.1)：3 267-3 279.(in Chinese))
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