侧向卸荷条件下砂岩孔道试样的力学特性及破坏机制研究

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0724

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摘要为分析新建深埋隧道开挖卸荷对既有隧道围岩稳定性的影响，基于常规三轴压缩试验和侧向卸荷试验，采用孔道岩石试样，模拟研究复杂应力环境下圆形隧道的力学行为和破坏机制。首先，通过室内力学试验获得的不同围压下孔道砂岩的应力–应变曲线，分析围压对其力学特性的影响；其次，根据侧向卸荷作用下岩样的应力–应变曲线，详细分析卸荷速率和卸荷应力水平对孔道砂岩强度变形特征和能量演化规律的影响；最后采用照相机和微米工业CT对破坏后的孔道试样进行观察，讨论侧向卸荷作用下孔道砂岩的多尺度断裂机制。结果表明，孔道砂岩的峰值强度和弹性模量均随围压增加而上升，且峰值强度对围压的敏感性高于弹性模量；随着卸围压速率增大，孔道砂岩的峰值强度和损伤阈值均呈非线性降低趋势，而杨氏模量基本不变，应力峰值点处试样的弹性能和耗散能降低；随着卸荷应力水平增加，孔道砂岩的峰值强度和损伤阈值分别呈非线性和线性增长，杨氏模量无明显变化，应力峰值处试样的弹性能和耗散能增大。常规三轴压缩下，孔道砂岩呈剪切破坏，且随围压增加，试样破裂角降低而孔道破裂程度增加。同等围压下，随着卸围压速率增加或卸荷应力水平降低，孔道砂岩的表面破裂严重而孔道破坏减弱。破坏后孔道砂岩的裂纹率与卸荷速率和卸荷应力水平均成正比。研究结论为揭示侧向卸荷条件下深埋巷/隧道围岩的破坏失稳机制提供参考。

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	李克升1
	刘传孝2
	张敏真3

关键词 ：岩石力学, 孔道砂岩, 侧向卸荷, 强度, 变形, 能量耗散, 破坏机制

Abstract：To analyze the impact of excavation unloading on the stability of the surrounding rock in existing deeply buried tunnels，the study utilized conventional triaxial compression tests and lateral unloading tests on hollow-cylinder sandstone specimens，simulating the mechanical behavior and fracture mechanisms of circular tunnels under complex stress conditions. Initially，stress-strain curves of hollow-cylinder sandstone under various confining pressures obtained from indoor mechanical tests were analyzed to assess the impact of confining pressure on mechanical properties. Subsequently，the effects of unloading rate and stress level on the strength deformation characteristics and energy evolution laws of hollow-cylinder sandstone were detailed，based on the stress-strain curves of rock samples under lateral unloading. Finally，the multi-scale fracture mechanisms of hollow-cylinder sandstone under lateral unloading were discussed through observations using cameras and micron-scale industrial CT on the failed specimens. The results showed that both the peak strength and elastic modulus of hollow-cylinder sandstone increased with confining pressure，with peak strength being more sensitive to confining pressure than the elastic modulus. As the unloading rate increased，the peak strength and damage threshold of hollow-cylinder sandstone showed a non-linear decreasing trend，while the Young?s modulus remained essentially unchanged，and the elastic energy and dissipated energy at the peak stress decreased. With increasing unloading stress levels，the peak strength and damage threshold of hollow-cylinder sandstone showed non-linear and linear growth，respectively，with no significant change in Young?s modulus，but an increase in elastic energy and dissipated energy at the peak stress. Under conventional triaxial compression，hollow-cylinder sandstone exhibited shear failure，and with increased confining pressure，the fracture angle decreased while the degree of fracturing for internal wall increased. Under the same confining pressure，as the unloading rate increased or the unloading stress level decreased，the surface fracturing of the hollow-cylinder sandstone was severe while the fracturing damage of internal wall weakened. The crack rate in the failed hollow-cylinder sandstone was directly proportional to both the unloading rate and the stress level. The study’s conclusions provide insights into the failure and instability mechanisms of the surrounding rock in deeply buried tunnels/roadways under lateral unloading conditions.

Key words： rock mechanics hollow sandstone lateral unloading strength deformation energy dissipation failure mechanisms

引用本文:

李克升1，刘传孝2，张敏真3. 侧向卸荷条件下砂岩孔道试样的力学特性及破坏机制研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(4): 881-897.
LI Kesheng1，LIU Chuanxiao2，ZHANG Minzhen3. Study on the mechanical properties and fracture mechanism of hollow?cylinder sandstone under lateral unloading conditions. , 2025, 44(4): 881-897.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0724 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I4/881

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