煤基固废非爆炸性膨胀剂高效定向破岩机制及初步应用研究

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0553

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摘要为寻找一种非炸药安全高效裂缝扩展方向可控的致裂煤岩体方法，研发一种煤基固废非爆炸性膨胀剂定向破岩技术：单裂面瞬时胀裂器。利用自主研制的试验系统开展单裂面瞬时胀裂器定向破岩试验，通过数值模拟研究了单裂面瞬时胀裂器破岩过程中的损伤–位移演化规律，在煤矿井下进行单裂面瞬时胀裂器定向致裂顶板试验。研究结果表明：(1) 单裂面瞬时胀裂器通过电流激发引信，引信诱发煤基固废膨胀剂在0.05～0.5 s内产生高压气体，利用这些高能气体高效破岩；(2) 与常规爆破致裂岩石呈现“线面体”式破裂相比，单裂面瞬时胀裂器致裂岩体的破裂过程呈“点线面”式的演化，即“点式发力、线式起裂、面式成型”；(3) 单裂面瞬时胀裂器劈裂混凝土试样时，形成了点状聚能高压气体射流，可精准控制裂缝扩展方向和数目；(4) 切缝方向上的损伤是非切缝方向的7.92倍，远大于非切缝方向的损伤；(5) 单裂面瞬时胀裂器原位致裂煤矿井下顶板后，定向切顶效果优越，且其切缝率比炸药聚能爆破提高了11%，威力大于炸药。研究成果为探索新型非炸药定向破岩方法提供了借鉴和参考。

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	张权1
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	何满潮1
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	郭山2
	杨荣周3
	陈凯1
	王超2

关键词 ：采矿工程, 煤基固废膨胀剂, 非爆炸性, 定向破岩, 聚能爆破, 裂缝扩展

Abstract：In search of a safe and efficient method for fracturing coal and rock masses without using explosives and with controllable crack propagation direction，this study proposed an efficient directional rock-breaking technology utilizing a coal-based solid waste non-explosive expanding agent，i.e.，instantaneous expander with a single fracture surface(IESFS). First，directional rock-breaking experiments with an IESFS were performed with the aid of a self-developed experimental system. Besides，the damage-displacement evolution in the rock-breaking process of the IESFS was studied through numerical simulation. Furthermore，the IESFS was applied to directional roof fracturing in an underground coal mine. The research findings are as follows：(1) The IESFS utilizes an electrical current to activate the fuse，which in turn triggers the coal-based solid waste expanding agent to generate high-pressure gas within 0.05–0.5 seconds. Such high-pressure gas serves to efficiently break the rock. (2) Conventional blasting generally induces rock fracturing in a “line-to-plane-to-solid” pattern. In contrast，the IESFS fractures the rock in a “point-to-line-to-plane” pattern，that is，it exerts forces at a point，initiates rock fracturing on a line，and complete rock fracturing on a plane. (3) When used to fracture concrete specimens，the IESFS induces the formation of a high-pressure gas jet with concentrated energy at points，enabling precise control over the direction of fracture propagation and the number of fractures. (4) The damage in the cutting direction is significantly greater than that in the non-cutting direction，the former being 7.92 times greater than the latter. (5) After the IESFS is applied to in-situ fracturing of the roof，the directional roof cutting effect was superior. Additionally，its cutting rate is 11% higher than that of conventional shaped charge blasting，which is indicative of its more powerful performance. The research findings are expected to provide valuable insights and references for exploring novel non-explosive directional rock-breaking methods.

Key words： mining engineering coal-based solid waste expanding agent non-explosive directional rock breaking ；shaped charge blasting crack propagation

引用本文:

张权1，2，何满潮1，2，郭山2，杨荣周3，陈凯1，王超2. 煤基固废非爆炸性膨胀剂高效定向破岩机制及初步应用研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(4): 898-911.
ZHANG Quan1，2，HE Manchao1，2，GUO Shan2，YANG Rongzhou3，CHEN Kai1，WANG Chao2. Study on the mechanism and preliminary application of efficient directional rock breaking using a coal-based solid waste non-explosive expansive agent. , 2025, 44(4): 898-911.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0553 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I4/898

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