正应力动态扰动作用下模拟花岗岩断层泥的摩擦特性及其对断层滑动机制的启示

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0346

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摘要构造运动和人因工程常导致地层应力扰动。正应力扰动作用下断层泥的摩擦特性如何演化，是否会导致断层的重新滑动并诱发地震尚不清楚。以取自河源断裂带的出露花岗岩基岩样品为研究对象，通过高压直剪实验，研究模拟花岗岩断层泥(粒径＜0.25 mm)在室温、恒定剪切速率1 ?m/s及正应力动态扰动(低频高振幅)作用下的摩擦特性。实验采用全方波和三角波模拟正应力动态扰动，初始正应力为10 MPa，振幅1～9.5 MPa，频率0.003 3～0.001 0 Hz。实验结果发现：正应力扰动导致作用在断层泥样品上的抗剪强度出现滞后效应；视摩擦因数在加载阶段随振幅增大而线性降低，数值由0.63减小至0.14；在卸载阶段随振幅增大而线性升高，由0.63增大至0.91。实验后样品的微观结构显示，正应力扰动振幅越大的样品更完整且发育更少的张性断裂带。由此，认为正应力动态扰动作用下剪应力滞后和视摩擦因数的变化可能是由微观颗粒的接触控制。此外，根据实验结果建立断层泥视摩擦因数与正应力扰动振幅的关系式，并以河源断裂带为例，基于库伦抗剪强度理论，分析主应力与孔隙水压力动态扰动对断层稳定性的影响，结果发现最大主应力的扰动振幅每增大1 MPa，断层抗剪强度会降低0.18 MPa，更容易促进断层滑动。最后，通过矩震级分析发现，当断层尺寸超过10 km时，将大概率发生震级高于6级的地震事件。

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	朱民杰1
	邵康1
	刘金锋1
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关键词 ：岩石力学, 正应力动态扰动, 花岗岩断层泥, 剪应力滞后, 断层滑动机制

Abstract：Tectonic movements and human engineering activities often cause disturbances in the stress of strata. However，it is still unclear how the frictional properties of fault gouge evolve under the disturbance of normal stress，and whether this will lead to the reactivation of faults and trigger earthquakes. This paper documents 20 direct shear experiments on simulated granite gouges(grain size＜0.25 mm) collected from Heyuan fault zone，China，to investigate frictional properties under dynamic normal stresses. All experiments were conducted，using a conventional direct shear equipment，at room temperature with a fixed shear rate of 1 ?m/s. Dynamic loading was applied by using square and triangular waves(initial normal stress of 10 Pa，amplitudes of 1–9.5 MPa and frequencies of 0.003 3–0.001 0 Hz). The results show that：(1) Shear stress exhibited a clear hysteresis effect with dynamic normal stress loading. (2) The apparent friction coefficient linearly decreases from 0.63 to 0.14 with increasing amplitude during loading and increases linearly from 0.63 to 0.91 during unloading. Microstructure analysis revealed that samples subjected to higher stress perturbation amplitudes were more intact and exhibited fewer tensile fracture zones. These hysteresis effects and the evolution of the apparent frictional coefficient align with the micromechanical model of grain contact proposed by Wang and Scholz. Additionally，a relationship between the apparent friction coefficient of fault gouge and the amplitude of normal stress perturbations was established based on experimental results. Using the Heyuan fault zone as a case study，we analyze the impact of dynamic perturbation in principal stress and pore water pressure on fault stability based on the Coulomb strength theory. It was found that increasing the disturbance amplitude of the maximum principal stress by 1 MPa reduces the fault shear strength by 0.18 MPa. This could reactivate faults，potentially causing seismic events with magnitude above 6 if the fault exceeds 10 km.

Key words： rock mechanics normal stress perturbation simulated granite gouges shear stress hysteresis fault slip mechanism

引用本文:

朱民杰1，邵康1，刘金锋1，2，3. 正应力动态扰动作用下模拟花岗岩断层泥的摩擦特性及其对断层滑动机制的启示[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(4): 940-958.
ZHU Minjie1，SHAO Kang1，LIU Jinfeng1，2，3. Effect of normal stress dynamic perturbation on frictional properties of simulated granite gouges and implications for fault reactivation mechanism. , 2025, 44(4): 940-958.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0346 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I4/940

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