土石混合料大型三轴剪切力学特性的间断级配效应

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0789

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摘要间断级配土石混合料的地理分布极为广泛，常作为路基与边坡工程中的土石方填料，而其剪切力学特性所展现的间断级配效应，是填筑质量控制的关键因素。首先，提出能够有效量化土石混合料间断级配特征的间断指数；然后，制备不同间断指数的土石混合料大型三轴标准试样，通过DJSZ–150大型三轴试验仪对标准试样开展三轴剪切试验，分析土石混合料强度与变形特性受和围压的影响规律，随后探讨复合幂–指数模型参数与偏应力强度、和之间的内在关联，提出考虑不同间断粒组变化和应力状态影响的CPE模型；最后，探讨间断粒组变化对土石混合料细观结构特征的影响，阐明土石混合料剪切力学特性的间断级配效应。结果表明：间断级配土石混合料三轴剪切试验曲线普遍呈应变硬化特征，偏应力强度随增大而增大，内摩擦角随的增加呈先上升后下降，而黏聚力则与之相反；参数k，b和n均与呈线性关系，k和n均与呈线性关系，b与呈二次函数关系，改进CPE模型不仅能够准确地预测土石混合料的强度和变形特性，还能够有效反映间断级配特征和应力状态对土石混合料变形力学行为的影响；不同的间断粒组构成不同的土石混合料细观结构特征，轴压加载下最大粒组颗粒含量的增加能提升土石混合料整体变形力学性能，但含量过多会使粗颗粒间的空隙增多，导致偏应力强度先升后降。

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	张超1
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	娄澳庆1
	俞缙2
	朱东平3
	徐赞4
	曹文贵4

关键词 ：路基工程, 土石混合料, 大型三轴试验, 间断级配效应, 本构模型

Abstract：The geographical distribution of discontinuous graded soil-rock mixtures is extensive，and these materials are commonly used as backfill materials in subgrade and slope engineering. The discontinuous grading effect on their shear mechanical properties is a critical factor influencing compaction quality control. This study proposes a discontinuity index that effectively quantifies the discontinuous grading characteristics of soil-rock mixtures. Large-scale triaxial standard specimens of soil-rock mixtures with different discontinuity indices were prepared，and triaxial shear tests were conducted using the DJSZ–150 large-scale triaxial testing apparatus. The influence of and confining pressure on the strength and deformation characteristics of soil-rock mixtures was analyzed. Subsequently，intrinsic relationships between the parameters of the composite power-exponential model and the deviatoric stress strength， and were investigated，leading to the development of the CPE model，which accounts for the effects of varying interrupted grain fractions and stress states. Finally，the impact of changes in discontinuous particle size fractions on the mesoscopic structural characteristics of soil-rock mixtures was explored，elucidating the discontinuous gradation effect on their shear mechanical properties. The results indicate that under triaxial compression，discontinuous graded soil-rock mixtures typically exhibit strain hardening characteristics. The deviatoric stress strength increases with the increase in ，while the internal friction angle initially increases and then decreases with the increase in . In contrast，the cohesion exhibits an opposite trend. The parameters k，b，and n showing linear relationships with the . Both k and n show a linear relationship with the ，while b follows a quadratic function relationship with . The improved CPE model not only accurately predicts the strength and deformation characteristics of soil-rock mixtures，but also effectively reflects the influence of discontinuous grading features and stress state on their deformational mechanical behavior of soil-rock mixtures. Different discontinuous particle groups constitute distinct mesostructural characteristics of soil-rock mixtures. Under axial compression loading，an increase in the content of the largest particle group enhances the overall deformational mechanical properties of the soil-rock mixture. However，excessive amounts of large particles can increase the voids between coarse particles，leading to an initial increase in deviatoric stress strength followed by a decrease.

Key words： subgrade engineering soil-rock mixture large-scale triaxial test discontinuous gradation effect constitutive model

引用本文:

张超1，2，3，娄澳庆1，俞缙2，朱东平3，徐赞4，曹文贵4. 土石混合料大型三轴剪切力学特性的间断级配效应[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(5): 1300-1312.
ZHANG Chao1，2，3，LOU Aoqing1，YU Jin2，ZHU Dongping3，XU Zan4，CAO Wengui4. Discontinuous gradation effect on large-scale triaxial shear mechanical properties of soil-rock mixture. , 2025, 44(5): 1300-1312.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0789 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I5/1300

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