Abstract： Coarse-grained soils are susceptible to particle breakage under high stress, which leads to changes in soil gradation and affects their stiffness and deformation characteristics. This study investigates the impact of particle breakage on the stiffness and deformation of coarse-grained soils by analyzing their stress-strain behavior across different gradations. Based on the particle breakage law identified through experiments, we propose evolution equations for the isotropic compression line and the critical state line. The breakage ratio within the yield function is treated as a constitutive variable, integrated with the consistency condition, to account for the additional volumetric strain resulting from particle breakage. Utilizing non-orthogonal plasticity theory, we establish the relationship between the particle breakage ratio and the dilatancy parameter through a state variable, which determines the direction of plastic flow under particle breakage conditions. Finally, we develop a non-orthogonal elastoplastic constitutive model for coarse-grained soils to characterize the effects of particle breakage. The validity of this model is assessed using conventional triaxial drainage test data from Changhe rockfill and Cambria sand. The results indicate that the proposed model accurately reflects the transformation of volumetric strain in coarse-grained soils from dilatancy to contractancy as confining pressure increases from low to high, demonstrating enhanced predictive capability under high-stress conditions.
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2025, Vol. 44 
