支护结构对层状及软弱岩体隧道支护作用机制

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摘要为分析隧道支护结构作用机制及其在层状和软弱岩体隧道中的支护特性，通过室内物理模拟试验和现场测试，研究普通螺纹锚杆和钢花管锚固下的岩石在单轴压缩试验下的力学、变形特性及其现场支护特性。试验结果表明：(1) 锚杆主要通过改善围岩的受力状态和提高围岩强度2个方面来实现其锚固作用，并且锚杆对锚固体围岩强度参数的提高主要表现为预紧力的压缩带作用、锚固剂对围岩损伤的修复作用和锚杆杆体对锚固体整体强度和密度的增强作用3个方面。(2) 通过对试验后的加锚试件进行CT扫描发现，锚杆对裂纹的止裂作用是锚固区对裂纹的弱化、剪段、止裂的结果，其止裂效果与锚固区范围大小有关，锚固区范围越大，止裂效果越好。(3) 由于药卷锚杆和钢花管的锚固特性不同，药卷锚杆能够很好地锚固岩性一般的层状页岩隧道，而具有注浆功能的钢花管更适用于岩性较差的软弱破碎岩体。

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	腾俊洋1
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	唐建新1
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	陈宇龙3
	张宇宁4

关键词 ：隧道工程, 支护结构, 加锚试验, 支护机制, 现场测试

Abstract：

In order to analyze the action mechanism of tunnel support structure and its supporting characteristics in layered and weak rock tunnel，indoor physical simulation test and steel-concrete composite beam of the three point bending tests were conducted successively，and the mechanical and deformation characteristics of common screw bolt and steel pipe anchorage of rock under uniaxial compression tests and the steel arch bending performance were researched. The test results show that，the bolt mainly achieves the anchoring effect by improving the stress state of surrounding rock and improving the strength of surrounding rock，and also the improvement of strength to anchorage surrounding rock is mainly the effect of compression zone of pre stress，the repairing effect of anchorage agent on surrounding rock and the strengthening effect of anchor rod on the whole strength and density of anchor. Through the CT scanning of the anchor specimens after the test，it is found that the crack arresting effect of the anchor on the crack is the result of the weakening，shear and stop of the crack in the anchorage zone，and the crack arrest effect is related to the size of anchorage zone. The larger the anchorage zone is，the better the crack arrest effect is. According to the different characteristics of bolt and anchor roll steel pipes，explosive bolts can anchorage layered shale tunnel lithology good，while the function of grouting steel pipe is more suitable for the poor lithology of the soft fractured rock mass.

Key words： tunnel engineering support structure anchor test support mechanism field test

引用本文:

腾俊洋1，2，唐建新1，2，陈宇龙3，张宇宁4. 支护结构对层状及软弱岩体隧道支护作用机制[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2018, 37(S2): 4221-4234.
TENG Junyang1，2，TANG Jianxin1，2，CHEN Yulong3，ZHANG Yuning4. Mechanism of support structure for tunnel in layered and weak rock mass. , 2018, 37(S2): 4221-4234.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2018/V37/IS2/4221

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