接触角对张力计及轴平移技术测量非饱和土吸力的影响

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2015.0844

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摘要接触角变化将直接影响非饱和土中水–气交界面的性质。为研究张力计和轴平移技术测量吸力过程中接触角的变化情况及这种变化对测量结果的影响，以表面化学原理为基础，把退湿分为外力式退湿和蒸发式退湿2种形式；增湿分为外力式增湿和凝结式增湿2种形式。在此基础上分析退湿过程中，张力计和轴平移技术测量吸力时土体中的接触角特性。从理论上断定：退湿过程中，相同含水率下轴平移技术所测得的基质吸力要大于张力计所测；增湿过程中，相同含水率下轴平移技术测得的基质吸力则又小于张力计所测，并通过接触角测量试验和吸力测量试验验证了这一推断。2种测量方法在实际应用中应该对应不同的工况：对于雨水入渗，地下水位下降等非饱和土力学问题应该用轴平移技术试验结果；对于非饱和土的干缩问题则应该用张力计进行测量。

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	杨松1
	吴珺华2
	黄剑峰1
	董红艳1

关键词 ：土力学, 非饱和土, 接触角, 干湿循环, 张力计, 轴平移技术

Abstract：Contact angle change is going to affect the properties of water-vapour interface in unsaturated soil. In order to study the change of contact angle in suction measurement with tensiometers and axis-translation technique，and the effects of this change on the measurement，based on the principles of surface chemistry，drying process is divided into two parts，one is external forces pattern，another is evaporation pattern. Wetting process is also divided into two parts，external forces pattern and condensation pattern. According to this，in drying process，contact angle characteristics of suction measurement with tensiometer and axis-translation were analyzed. It can be concluded that，in drying process，matric suction measured by axis-translation is higher than tensiometers with the same water content. In wetting process，matric suction measured by axis-translation is smaller than tensiometers with the same water content. The conclusion is proved by contact angle measurement tests and matric suction tests. Different type of suction measurement method should be matched with different situations. The axis-translation should be used in some unsaturated soil problems such as rain infiltration，groundwater level decline. The tensiometers could be applied to drying shrinkage in unsaturated soil.

Key words： soil mechanics unsaturated soils contact angle dry-wetting cycle tensiometer axis-translation technique

引用本文:

杨松1，吴珺华2，黄剑峰1，董红艳1. 接触角对张力计及轴平移技术测量非饱和土吸力的影响[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2016, 35(S1): 3331-3336.
YANG Song1，WU Junhua2，HUANG Jianfeng1，DONG Hongyan1. Effects of contact angle on suction measurement with tensiometers and axis-translation technique in unsaturated soils. , 2016, 35(S1): 3331-3336.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2015.0844 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2016/V35/IS1/3331

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[1]	沈钟，赵振国，康万利. 胶体与表面化学[M]. 北京：化学工业出版社，2012：99-102.(SHENZhong，ZHAOZhenguo，KANG Wanli. Colloid and surface chemistry[M]. Beijing：Chemical Industry Press，2012：99-102.(in Chinese))
[15]	SEMENOV S，STAROV V M，RUBIO R G，et al. Evaporation of sessile water droplets：Universal behaviorin presence of contact angle hysteresis[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A：Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects，2011，391(1)：135-144.
[2]	DIAMANTOPOULOS E，DURNER W. Physically-based model of soil hydraulic properties accounting for variable contact angle and its effect on hysteresis[J]. Advances in Water Resources，2013，59：169-180.
[16]	金哲岩，胡晖. 接触面温度对表面液滴蒸发过程的影响[J]. 同济大学学报：自然科学版，2012，40(3)：495-498.(JIN Zheyan，HU Hui. Effect of surface temperature on droplet evaporation[J]. Journal of Tongji University：Natural Science，2012，40(3)：495-498.(in Chinese))
[3]	CZACHOR H，DOERR S H，LICHNER L. Water retention of repellent and subcritical repellent soils：new insights from model and experimental investigations[J]. Journal of Hydrology，2010，380(1)：104-111.
[17]	SHIRTCLIFFE N J，MCHALE G，NEWTON M I，et al. Critical conditions for the wetting of soils[J]. Applied Physics Letters，2006，89(9)：094101.
[4]	REGALADO C M，RITTER A. Characterizing water dependent soil repellency with minimal parameter requirement[J]. Soil Science Society of America，2005，69(6)：1 955-1 966.
[18]	栾茂田，李顺群，杨庆. 非饱和土的理论土-水特征曲线[J]. 岩土工程学报，2005，27(6)：611-615.(LUAN Maotian，LI Shunqun，YANG Qing. Theoretical soil-water characteristic curve for unsaturatedsoils[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2005，27(6)：611-615.(in Chinese))
[5]	RAMIREZ-FLORES J C，WOCHE S K，BACHMANN J，et al. Comparing capillary rise contact angles of soil aggregates and homogenized soil[J]. Geoderma，2008，146(1)：336-343.
[19]	张昭，刘奉银，张国平，等. 不等径湿颗粒与液桥相互作用的微观水力特性[J]. 水利学报，2013，44(7)：810-817.(ZHANG Zhao，LIU Fengyin，ZHANG Guoping，et al. Microscopic hydraulic behavior from the interactions between uneven-sized wet particles and liquid bridge[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering，2013，44(7)：810-817. (in Chinese))
[6]	HAJNOS M，CALKA A，JOZEFACIUK G. Wettability of mineral soils[J]. Geoderma，2013，206：63-69.
[20]	杨松，龚爱民，吴珺华，等. 接触角对非饱和土中基质吸力的影响[J]. 岩土力学，2015，36(3)：674-678.(YANG Song，GONG Aimin，WU Junhua，et al. Effect of contact angle on matric suction of unsaturated soil[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2015，36(3)：674-678.(in Chinese))
[7]	刘艳，赵成刚. 土水特征曲线滞后模型的研究[J]. 岩土工程学报，2008，30(3)：399-405.(LIU Yan，ZHAOChenggang. Hysteresis model for soil-water characteristic curves[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2008，30(3)：399-405.(in Chinese))
[21]	RAMIREZ-FLORES J C，BACHMANN J，MARMUR A. Direct determination of contact angles of model soils in comparison with wettability characterization by capillary rise[J]. Journal of Hydrology，2010，382(1)：10-19.
[8]	张雪东，赵成刚，刘艳，等. 土水特征曲线(SWCC)的滞回特性模拟研究[J]. 工程地质学报，2010，18(6)：920-925.(ZHANG Xuedong，ZHAO Chenggang，LIU Yan，et al. Simulation and hysteresis model for soil-water characteristic curves[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology，2010，18(6)：920-925. (in Chinese))
[9]	PHAM H Q，FREDLUND D G，BARBOUR S L. A study of hysteresis models for soil-water characteristic curves[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal，2005，42(6)：1 548-1 568.
[10]	林鸿州，吕禾，刘邦安，等. 张力计测量非饱和土吸力及工程应用展望[J]. 工程勘察，2007，(7)：7-10.(LIN Hongzhou，LU He，LIU Bangan，et al. Suction measurement by tensimeter in unsaturated soils andits prospect in engineering application[J]. Geotechnical InvestigationandSurveying，2007，(7)：7-10.(in Chinese))
[11]	TOLL D G，LOURENCO S D N，MENDES J. Advances in suction measurements using high suction tensiometers[J]. Engineering Geology，2013，165：29-37.
[12]	王晓东，彭晓峰，陆建峰，等. 接触角测试技术及粗糙表面上接触角的滞后性I：接触角测试技术[J]. 应用基础与工程科学学报，2003，11(2)：174-183.(WANG Xiaodong，PENG Xiaofeng，LU Jianfeng，et al. Measuring technique of contact angle and contact angle hysteresison rough solid surfaces I：Measuring technique of contact angle[J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering，2003，11(2)：174-183.(in Chinese))
[13]	肖文佳. 分级结构表面的浸润性研究[博士学位论文][D]. 广州：中山大学，2008.(XIAO Wenjia. Invasive research on the surface of the hierarchical structure[Ph. D. Thesis][D].Guangzhou：Zhongshan University，2008.(in Chinese))
[14]	王晓东，彭晓峰，张欣欣. 水平壁面上液滴吹离的临界风速[J]. 应用基础与工程科学学报，2006，14(3)：403-410.(WANG Xiaodong，PENG Xiaofeng，ZHANG Xinxin. Investigation on critical air flow velocity about departure of droplet from horizontal wall[J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering，2006，14(3)：403-410.(in Chinese))
[15]	SEMENOV S，STAROV V M，RUBIO R G，et al. Evaporation of sessile water droplets：Universal behaviorin presence of contact angle hysteresis[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A：Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects，2011，391(1)：135-144.
[16]	金哲岩，胡晖. 接触面温度对表面液滴蒸发过程的影响[J]. 同济大学学报：自然科学版，2012，40(3)：495-498.(JIN Zheyan，HU Hui. Effect of surface temperature on droplet evaporation[J]. Journal of Tongji University：Natural Science，2012，40(3)：495-498.(in Chinese))
[17]	SHIRTCLIFFE N J，MCHALE G，NEWTON M I，et al. Critical conditions for the wetting of soils[J]. Applied Physics Letters，2006，89(9)：094101.
[18]	栾茂田，李顺群，杨庆. 非饱和土的理论土-水特征曲线[J]. 岩土工程学报，2005，27(6)：611-615.(LUAN Maotian，LI Shunqun，YANG Qing. Theoretical soil-water characteristic curve for unsaturatedsoils[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2005，27(6)：611-615.(in Chinese))
[19]	张昭，刘奉银，张国平，等. 不等径湿颗粒与液桥相互作用的微观水力特性[J]. 水利学报，2013，44(7)：810-817.(ZHANG Zhao，LIU Fengyin，ZHANG Guoping，et al. Microscopic hydraulic behavior from the interactions between uneven-sized wet particles and liquid bridge[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering，2013，44(7)：810-817. (in Chinese))
[20]	杨松，龚爱民，吴珺华，等. 接触角对非饱和土中基质吸力的影响[J]. 岩土力学，2015，36(3)：674-678.(YANG Song，GONG Aimin，WU Junhua，et al. Effect of contact angle on matric suction of unsaturated soil[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2015，36(3)：674-678.(in Chinese))
[21]	RAMIREZ-FLORES J C，BACHMANN J，MARMUR A. Direct determination of contact angles of model soils in comparison with wettability characterization by capillary rise[J]. Journal of Hydrology，2010，382(1)：10-19.