不同植被条件下斜坡土体大孔隙特征分析

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2015.0293

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摘要采集高盖度玄武岩斜坡典型植被云南松和狗牙根土体，基于水分穿透法，采用方差分析、回归分析方法，进行对滑坡孕育及发生有显著影响的土体大孔隙特征研究。分析表明：植被类型并不能控制土体大孔隙水分运动的整体发展规律，但影响水分穿透曲线的振幅及稳定时间。2种植被土体均存在大直径(＞2.4 mm)大孔隙量小，小直径大孔隙量大的特征；不同植被土体各层大孔隙数量不同，但并不影响大直径大孔隙数量的土体空间分布。2种植被土体大孔隙直径主要集中于2.6～0.6 mm，平均直径范围为1.86～1.0 mm；大孔隙尺寸范围受控于植被类型，而尺寸分布受其影响较小。不同植被土体水分流速受大孔隙特征的影响程度不同。总体上，2种植被土体各层大孔隙数量、平均孔径、最大孔径、最小孔径、大孔隙度、稳渗速率均随深度增大而减小；根系和有机质对不同植被土体大孔隙特征有不同的影响；颗粒分布对云南松和狗牙根土体各层大孔隙特征参量无显著功效。研究得出大孔隙的一个下限尺度值为600 µm。

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	曾强1
	徐则民1
	官琦2
	陈积普1

关键词 ：边坡工程, 植被发育斜坡, 降雨入渗, 滑坡, 水分穿透, 大孔隙, 稳渗速率

Abstract：We had collected the soils of high-cover basalt slope grown with Pinus yunnanensis and Cynodon dactylon，and investigated the properties of macropores which have a significant effect on the formation and occurrence of landslide based on the water breakthrough method and variance，regression analysis. It was demonstrated that the vegetation type can not control the general evolution law of the water movement in macropores，but it does influence the amplitude and stability time of the water breakthrough curve. The two soils showed the characteristic that large diameter(＞2.4 mm) macropores accounts less amount，and the small macropores accounts more. Different vegetation soils have the different macropore quantity in different depth，but it has no influence on the spatial distribution of large macropore quantity. The diameter of macropores in the two soils mainly concentrate in 2.6–0.6 mm，while the range of average diameter is 1.86–1.0mm. Macropore size range is much more controlled by the type of vegetation than its size distribution. The water flow rate in different vegetation soils are influenced in different level by the macropore character. On the whole，with the depth increases，the two soils macropore quantity，average-maximum-minimum diameter，macroporosity and the stable infiltration coefficient will decrease. Roots and organic matter have different influence on macropores properties in different vegetation soils. For soils grown with Pinus yunnanensis and Cynodon dactylon，particle distribution has no obvious contribution to the the macropores properties in different depths. The results have shown that the macropores lower limit scale value is 600 μm.

Key words： slope engineering vegetated slope rainfall infiltration landslide water breakthrough macropores steady infiltration rate

引用本文:

曾强1，徐则民1，官琦2，陈积普1. 不同植被条件下斜坡土体大孔隙特征分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2016, 35(S1): 3343-3352.
ZENG Qiang1，XU Zemin1，GUAN Qi2，CHEN Jipu1. Characteristics of macropores in soil of slope under different vegetation measures. , 2016, 35(S1): 3343-3352.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2015.0293 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2016/V35/IS1/3343

[1]	SHAKOOR A，SMITHMYER AJ. An analysis of storm-induced landslides in colluvial soils overlying mudrock sequences，southeastern Ohio，USA[J]. Engineering Geology，2005，78(3/4)：257-274.
[2]	CARDINALI M，GALLI M，GUZZETTI F，et al. Rainfall induced landslides in December 2004 in south-western Umbria，central Italy：types，extent，damage and risk assessment[J]. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences，2006，6(2)：237-260.
[3]	马东涛，冯自立，张金山，等. 7.19云南腾冲滑坡泥石流灾害调查报告[J]. 水土保持通报，2004，24(6)：67-71.(MA Dongtao，FENG Zili，ZHANG Jinshan，et al. Investigation on landslide and debris flow disasters on July 19，2004 in Tengchong of Yunnan Province[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation，2004，24(6)：67-71.(in Chinese))
[4]	高克昌，孟国才，韦方强，等. 德宏“7.5”特大滑坡泥石流灾害分析及其对策[J]. 防灾减灾工程学报，2005，25(3)：251-257.(GAO Kechang，MENG Guocai，WEI Fangqiang，et al. Analysis and counter-measure for the large-scalelandslide-debris flow hazard in Dehong，Yunnan，China[J]. Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering，2005，25(3)：251-257.(in Chinese))
[5]	徐则民，黄润秋，唐正光，等. 植被护坡的局限性及其对深层滑坡孕育的贡献[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2005，24(3)：438-450.(XU Zemin，HUANG Runqiu，TANG Zhengguang，et al. Limitations of biotechnical slope protection and contribution of vegetation to deep seated landslide preparation[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2005，24(3)：438-450.(in Chinese))
[6]	徐则民，黄润秋，唐正光. 硅酸盐矿物溶解动力学及其对滑坡研究的意义[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2005，24(9)：1 479-1 491.(XU Zemin，HUANG Runqiu，TANG Zhengguang. Kinetics of silicate mineral dissolution and its implications for landslide studies[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2005，24(9)： 1 479-1 491.(in Chinese))
[7]	张家明，徐则民，裴银鸽. 植被发育斜坡非饱和带大孔隙[J]. 山地学报，2012，30(4)：439-449.(ZHANG Jiaming，XU Zemin，PEI Yinge. Macropores in vadose zone of well vegetated slopes[J]. Journal of Mountain Science，2012，30(4)：439-449.(in Chinese))
[8]	徐则民. 植被与斜坡非饱和带大空隙[J]. 地学前缘，2007，14(6)：134-142.(XU Zemin. Vegetation and macropores in vadose zones of hill slopes[J]. Earth Science Frontiers，2007，14(6)：134-142.(in Chinese))
[9]	PIERRET A，CAPOWIEZ Y，BELZUNCESL，et al. 3D reconstruction and quantification of macropores using X-ray computed tomography and image analysis[J]. Geoderma，2002，106(3/4)：247-271.
[10]	FRANKLIN D H，WEST L T，RADCLIFFE D E，et al. Characteristics and genesis of preferential flow paths in a piedmont ultisol[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal，2007，71(3)：752-758.
[11]	WILLIAMS A，SCHOLEFIELD D，DOWD J，et a1. Investigating preferential flow in a large intact soil block under pasture[J]. Soil Use and Management，2000，16(4)：264-269.
[12]	SUZANNE E A，STEPHANIE R，ALLAN J C. Quantifying preferential flow in soils：A review of different techniques[J]. Journal of Hydrology，2009，378(1/2)：179-204.
[13]	WEILER M，NAEF F.Simulating surface and subsurface initiation of macropore flow[J]. Journal of Hydrology，2003，273(1/4)：139-154.
[14]	秦耀东，任理，王济. 土壤中大孔隙流研究进展与现状[J]. 水科学进展，2001，11(2)：203-207.(QIN Yaodong，REN Li，WANG Ji. Review on the study of macropore flow in soil[J]. Advances in Water Science，2001，11(2)：203-207.(in Chinese))
[15]	HILLEL D. Introduction to soil physics[M]. London：Academic Press，1982：92-100.
[1]	SHAKOOR A，SMITHMYER AJ. An analysis of storm-induced landslides in colluvial soils overlying mudrock sequences，southeastern Ohio，USA[J]. Engineering Geology，2005，78(3/4)：257-274.
[2]	CARDINALI M，GALLI M，GUZZETTI F，et al. Rainfall induced landslides in December 2004 in south-western Umbria，central Italy：types，extent，damage and risk assessment[J]. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences，2006，6(2)：237-260.
[3]	马东涛，冯自立，张金山，等. 7.19云南腾冲滑坡泥石流灾害调查报告[J]. 水土保持通报，2004，24(6)：67-71.(MA Dongtao，FENG Zili，ZHANG Jinshan，et al. Investigation on landslide and debris flow disasters on July 19，2004 in Tengchong of Yunnan Province[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation，2004，24(6)：67-71.(in Chinese))
[4]	高克昌，孟国才，韦方强，等. 德宏“7.5”特大滑坡泥石流灾害分析及其对策[J]. 防灾减灾工程学报，2005，25(3)：251-257.(GAO Kechang，MENG Guocai，WEI Fangqiang，et al. Analysis and counter-measure for the large-scalelandslide-debris flow hazard in Dehong，Yunnan，China[J]. Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering，2005，25(3)：251-257.(in Chinese))
[5]	徐则民，黄润秋，唐正光，等. 植被护坡的局限性及其对深层滑坡孕育的贡献[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2005，24(3)：438-450.(XU Zemin，HUANG Runqiu，TANG Zhengguang，et al. Limitations of biotechnical slope protection and contribution of vegetation to deep seated landslide preparation[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2005，24(3)：438-450.(in Chinese))
[6]	徐则民，黄润秋，唐正光. 硅酸盐矿物溶解动力学及其对滑坡研究的意义[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2005，24(9)：1 479-1 491.(XU Zemin，HUANG Runqiu，TANG Zhengguang. Kinetics of silicate mineral dissolution and its implications for landslide studies[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2005，24(9)： 1 479-1 491.(in Chinese))
[7]	张家明，徐则民，裴银鸽. 植被发育斜坡非饱和带大孔隙[J]. 山地学报，2012，30(4)：439-449.(ZHANG Jiaming，XU Zemin，PEI Yinge. Macropores in vadose zone of well vegetated slopes[J]. Journal of Mountain Science，2012，30(4)：439-449.(in Chinese))
[8]	徐则民. 植被与斜坡非饱和带大空隙[J]. 地学前缘，2007，14(6)：134-142.(XU Zemin. Vegetation and macropores in vadose zones of hill slopes[J]. Earth Science Frontiers，2007，14(6)：134-142.(in Chinese))
[9]	PIERRET A，CAPOWIEZ Y，BELZUNCESL，et al. 3D reconstruction and quantification of macropores using X-ray computed tomography and image analysis[J]. Geoderma，2002，106(3/4)：247-271.
[10]	FRANKLIN D H，WEST L T，RADCLIFFE D E，et al. Characteristics and genesis of preferential flow paths in a piedmont ultisol[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal，2007，71(3)：752-758.
[11]	WILLIAMS A，SCHOLEFIELD D，DOWD J，et a1. Investigating preferential flow in a large intact soil block under pasture[J]. Soil Use and Management，2000，16(4)：264-269.
[12]	SUZANNE E A，STEPHANIE R，ALLAN J C. Quantifying preferential flow in soils：A review of different techniques[J]. Journal of Hydrology，2009，378(1/2)：179-204.
[13]	WEILER M，NAEF F.Simulating surface and subsurface initiation of macropore flow[J]. Journal of Hydrology，2003，273(1/4)：139-154.
[14]	秦耀东，任理，王济. 土壤中大孔隙流研究进展与现状[J]. 水科学进展，2001，11(2)：203-207.(QIN Yaodong，REN Li，WANG Ji. Review on the study of macropore flow in soil[J]. Advances in Water Science，2001，11(2)：203-207.(in Chinese))
[15]	HILLEL D. Introduction to soil physics[M]. London：Academic Press，1982：92-100.