Advances in rock mass classification and mechanical parameter determination for high-energy geological environments
ZHANG Shishu1*, SHEN Yanjun2, DONG Jiaxing3, XU Guangli4, LI Qingchun1, LI Zhigang5, ZHAO Xiaoping1, CHENG Lijuan1, RAN Congyan1
(1. PowerChina Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China; 2. College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang?an University, Xi?an, Shaanxi 710054, China; 3. Faculty of Electric Power Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; 4. Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; 5. School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou,
Jiangsu 225127, China)
Abstract：Restricted by the significant impact of the “three-high” geological environment (high ground stress, high osmotic pressure, and high ground temperature) on the quality of surrounding rock and the construction process, current research faces three core challenges: (1) Traditional surrounding rock classification methods are often ill-suited for high-energy geological environments; (2) The mechanism of the “three-high” coupling effect on the mechanical properties of surrounding rock is complex and difficult to elucidate; (3) The accuracy of obtaining in-situ surrounding rock parameters in deep regions is inadequate. This paper summarizes the current research status and developmental trends of surrounding rock classification and parameter acquisition methods under the “three-high” geological environment, and proposes directions for future research and development. Overall, research on surrounding rock classification and parameter acquisition methods is progressively moving towards integration, dynamization, and intellectualization, with key developmental trends manifested in the following aspects: (1) There is an urgent need to establish a multi-field coupling surrounding rock classification system that is adapted to the “three-high” geological environment. The coupling effect of the “three-high” geological environment significantly influences the mechanical properties, deformation characteristics, and permeability of surrounding rock, directly affecting the establishment of classification systems tailored for various construction methods. It is essential to integrate geomechanical parameters with real-time monitoring data and employ machine learning technologies to accurately assess the stability, excavability, and construction risks of surrounding rock, thereby meeting the construction requirements of both the drilling and blasting method and the TBM method. (2) There is an urgent need to develop dynamic methods for determining surrounding rock mechanical parameters. Methods for determining these parameters in high-energy geological environments must fully consider the dynamic feedback mechanisms and actively incorporate advanced technologies such as deep learning and intelligent identification to update classification results and construction strategies in real-time. (3) There is an urgent need to construct a multi-field coupling parameter acquisition model. Efforts should focus on transitioning from empirical judgment to theoretical models, establishing constitutive relationships for obtaining surrounding rock parameters based on high-energy geological environments, and further developing cross-scale and multi-source information fusion methods to improve parameter accuracy. In the future, it is crucial to address the bottlenecks in in-situ testing and dynamic feedback technologies for deep surrounding rock, and to establish classification standards for surrounding rock that are suited to high-energy geological environments, thereby providing theoretical support and technical guarantees for the safe construction of deep engineering projects.
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2026, Vol. 45 
