顺层节理岩体斜坡强震过程超间隙水压力效应研究

doi:边坡工程；强震区；岩质滑坡；间隙水压力；滑坡启动机制

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摘要汶川地震中存在诸多含饱水层间构造破碎带的节理裂隙岩体，在强震荷载下因超间隙水压力效应引发滑坡高速启动。为揭示此类层间饱水陡倾顺层岩质边坡在强震振动——间隙水压力耦合作用下的滑坡启动机制，以该类边坡为研究对象，采用振动台模型试验与PFC-FLAC耦合数值模拟相结合的方法开展研究。结果表明：（1）0.8 g天然波作用下，模型软弱层加速度PGA放大系数达1.2～1.27倍（呈加速度放大效应）；间隙水压力激增约100 Pa（激发超间隙水压力），且模型在1.8 g振幅、20 Hz正弦波水平振动下变形破坏特征显著（明确模型破坏加载阈值）；（2）振动过程中，超间隙水压力集中于软弱层，模型因岩层性质差异产生非协调变形，间隙水压力具有瞬态生成与逐渐累积特性，进而揭示强震下非协调变形引发的“振动冲压与拉张交替”是瞬态超间隙水压力的成因；（3）通过数值模拟总结裂隙扩展变形规律，验证了强震作用下间隙水膨胀强化效应与超间隙水效应的水岩作用规律；（4）最终提出层状节理岩体滑坡启动的“强震作用→软弱层非协调变形动力损伤、扩容→间隙水膨胀强化与超间隙水效应交替作用→超间隙水压力激发、累积→滑坡高速启动”演化机制。

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	林清桦
	巨能攀*
	解明礼
	何宇浩
	王兆雨
	冯长云
	周树雨
	舒子豪

关键词 ：边坡工程, 强震区, 岩质滑坡, 间隙水压力, 滑坡启动机制

Abstract：Wenchuan Earthquake: Water-saturated, interlayer-fractured jointed rocks triggered high-speed landslides during intense seismic activity, driven by excess interstitial water pressure. To elucidate the initiation mechanism of water-saturated, steeply dipping bedding slopes under the coupling of vibration and interstitial water pressure, this study employed shaking table and PFC-FLAC tests. Results: (1) Under 0.8 g seismic waves, the peak ground acceleration (PGA) amplification of the model’s weak layer reached 1.2–1.27, with interstitial water pressure surging by 100 Pa (excess triggered). The model failed under 1.8 g, 20 Hz sine vibration (failure threshold). (2) Vibration caused concentrated excess interstitial water pressure within the weak layer, leading to incompatible deformation due to differences in rock properties. Interstitial water pressure was transiently generated and gradually accumulated; the phenomenon of “vibration compression-tension alternation” (induced by strong quakes) resulted in transient excess pressure. (3) Numerical tests summarized the laws of fracture propagation and deformation, confirming the interaction between water and rock (expansion and excess effects) during strong seismic events. (4) The mechanism of landslides in layered jointed rocks is described as follows: “strong quake → incompatible deformation-induced damage and dilatancy in the weak layer → alternating expansion and excess effects → triggering and accumulation of excess pressure → high-speed landslide.”

Key words： slope engineering high-seismicity region rock landslide interstitial water pressure landslide initiation mechanism

引用本文:

林清桦，巨能攀*，解明礼，何宇浩，王兆雨，冯长云，周树雨，舒子豪. 顺层节理岩体斜坡强震过程超间隙水压力效应研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2026, 45(S1): 330-342.
LIN Qinghua, JU Nengpan*, XIE Mingli, HE Yuhao, WANG Zhaoyu, FENG Changyun, ZHOU Shuyu, SHU Zihao. Excess interstitial water pressure effect in bedding-jointed rock mass slopes during strong earthquakes. , 2026, 45(S1): 330-342.

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https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/边坡工程；强震区；岩质滑坡；间隙水压力；滑坡启动机制或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2026/V45/IS1/330

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