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2003, 22 (S1): 0-0 doi:

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UNDERGROUND ENGINEERING PROBLEMS IN COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE AND ITS DEVELOPING FUTURE

Li Zhongkui,Ma Fauigping,Lit Hui

2003, 22 (S1): 2121-2126

[PDF] 630 KB (118)

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As a new type of energy siorage,the compressed air energy storage(CAES) have been developed quickly in recent years. The CAES allows storage of energy produced during off-peak periods for use during peak generation periods. Air is compressed andstored in high pressure,and then used in the combustion process of a hot gas expander. In this paper,the history,classification and operation cycles of the CAES are introduced. Some points about the layout and design of the CAES, as well as the relationship between this kind of energy storage and the underground engineering,are analyzed. The advantages of the CAES compared with other kinds of energy storages and its developing future in China are also discused.

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OPTIMAZATION OF REICNFORING SCHEME FOR UNDERGROUND POWER HOUSE OF SHUIBUYA PROJECT ON QINJANG RIVER

Zhu Weishen1 Chen Weizhong2 Li Shucai1 SunJin2

2003, 22 (S1): 2127-2131 doi:

[PDF] 341 KB (765)

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This paper described the optimazation analysis of reinforcing scheme for underground power house of Shuibuya Project. In 2D analysis the comparison of rock condition for case nonreinforcement and case with reinforcement has been made, and of rock condition for different initial stress has been made as well. Three different schemes for systematical rock bolts were compared. In 3D analysis the comparison of reinforcing effect for 3 schemes of prestress cable with different tonnage has been conducted. Some relevant conclusions were given finally.

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SUBSEA TUNNEL THROUGH CHANNEL AND ITS MINIMUM ROCK COVER

Yang Jialing,Qiu Xiangbo,Chen Weizhong,Li Shucai

2003, 22 (S1): 2132-2137 doi:

[PDF] 482 KB (1195)

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The feature ofsubsea tunnel through channel and its minimum rock cover are introduced according to the ralative publications in order to make reference for the similar projects in China.

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DYNAMICBREAKAGEANDFRAGMENTATIONOFBRITTLESINGLEPARTICLEOFVARIOUSSIZESANDSTRENGTH

2003, 22 (S1): 2138-2144 doi:

[PDF] 1252 KB (499)

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Breakage, comminution, crushing and fragmentation of brittle solids under dynamic impacts is an important applied and rock mechanics problem. In civil engineering applications, impact-induced-fragmentation relates to crushing of rock mass during mining process, tunneling, and aggregate production. The main objective of this paper is to outline some of our recent experimental, analytical and numerical efforts in studying the dynamic fragmentation process in a brittle particle. First, an analytical solution of a solid sphere compressed dynamically between two rigid flat platens is derived analytically. Secondly, a sequence of double impact tests on spheres were conducted using an impactor Dynatup 8250 at HKUST, with both impact velocity and contact force at the impactor measured accurately. Finally, a newly developed computer program, DIFAR, is used to investigate the mechanism of dynamic fragmentation. The paper will summarize and discuss briefly all three aspects of our comprehensive approach.

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CRACK PROPAGATION IN BRITTLE SOLID CONTAINING 3D SURFACE FRACTURE UNDER UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION

R. H. C. Wong1 M. L. Huang2 M.R. Jiao 3 C.A. Tang3

2003, 22 (S1): 2145-2148 doi:

[PDF] 660 KB (1165)

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of flaw length, flaw angle and boundary effect on the mechanisms of fracture propagation from a half-disk shaped surface 3-D flaw under uniaxial compression. Transparency material of PMMA is used in this study. The results of this study can provide a better understanding on the instability of mine pillar.

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RESEARCH ON STABILITY OF SUBMERGED SLOPE

Lin Feng， Tao Lǖbin， Zhu Hehua

2003, 22 (S1): 2149-2153 doi:

[PDF] 347 KB (1357)

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Suitable slope ratio of submerged trench is much important to the safety and cost of some underwater construction. In this paper，the calculating model of submerged trench is discussed. Instead of the traditional method, integral method based on circular slice theory is used to determine the optimum slope ratio, which can increase the accuracy and efficiency of calculation，at the same time，an example based on Xiamen immersed tube project is given to illuminate this method in contrast to the traditional one, and the effect of flow velocity on the submerged slope stability is also analyzed. The results indicate that 1:2.5 and 1:2 is respectively the reasonable gradient for the upper and lower part of the slope, and seepage is advantageous to the stability of submerged slope, but as far as this project is concerned, its influence inclines to be ignored since the flow velocity is less than 3m/s.

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ON FRACTURE STRENGTH OF ROCKS WITH CRACKS UNDER WATER PRESSURE AND CHEMICAL DAMAGE

Tang Liansheng',Zhang Pengchen2,Wang Yang3

2003, 22 (S1): 2154-2158 doi:

[PDF] 363 KB (947)

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Based on analysis on the effects of water pressure and chemical damage on the stress intensity factor of crack in rocks, a new fracture strength criterion is put forward for the rocks with cracks under water pressure and chemical damage. This new criterion can quantitatively reflect the effects of static water pressure, dynamic water pressure or hydraulic gradient and water chemical damage. The effects ofwater on the fracture strength criterion of rocks with cracks result not only from static or dynamic water pressure of crack in rocks, but also from chemical damage of water on the intemal friction and coherence of crack in rocks. Thus theexpressed formulas in the new fracture strength criterion of rocks correspondto the different cases ofthe crack in rocks with or without closing.

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DIFFERENCE OF COMPUTING RESULTS BETWEEN FLUID CONSIDERING AND NON-CONSIDERING ON SIMULATION OF SUBSEA TUNNEL-STABILITY

Li tingchun， Li shucai， Chen weizhong， Qiu xiangbo

2003, 22 (S1): 2159-2163 doi:

[PDF] 704 KB (828)

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During analysis of subsea tunnel stability, the influence of fluid should be considered to ensure veracity of simulation. But it is difficult and slow to couple fluid-mechanics. So effect of fluid is often omitted and only elasto-plastical analysis is done for tunnel, which causes some error. During the process of analyzing stability of Xiamen subsea tunnels, using FLAC-3D (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3 Dimensions), elasto-plastics analysis and fluid-structure coupling analysis are developed with fluid considering and non-considering. From the results of stress distribution, displacements and plastic zones of rock mass after excavation, differences are contrasted.

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APPLICATION OF FRACTAL THEORY TO PORE STRUCTURE RESEARCH

Ma Xinfang Zhang Shicheng Lang Zhaoxin

2003, 22 (S1): 2164-2167 doi:

[PDF] 263 KB (1210)

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There is fractal property in reservoir rocks，the fractal dimension can describe quantitatively the complexity and the heterogeneity of pore structure. According to the principle of the fractal geometry, the pore structure can be studied, and the fractal stochastic model of pore size distribution and capillary pressure can be set up. The fractal dimension of pore structure and size distribution are studied based on the capillary pressure data. The results show that this method is simpler and more exact.

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Isotropic Hardening Law on Yield Surface with Multiple Strength Parameters

Shi Yong Sheng1 Zeng Chun Hong2 and Zheng Hong3

2003, 22 (S1): 2168-2172 doi:

[PDF] 384 KB (1066)

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The isotropic hardening law on a yield surface with multiple strength parameters is discussed in detail. Some arguable formulations in literature are pointed out. The definition of the effective plastic strain in the classical plasticity theory is generalized. These issues are vital to numerical modeling of strain softening problems.

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NEW DEVELOPMENT OF RESEARCH ON PHYSICAL MODEL FOR NATURAL CRACK-LIKE OIL RESERVOIR

2003, 22 (S1): 2173-2179 doi:

[PDF] 566 KB (1512)

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The relativity of rock mass fractal dimensions and strength

Feng Zeng-chao2 Zhao Yang-sheng2，3

2003, 22 (S1): 2180-2182 doi:

[PDF] 378 KB (721)

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On the basic of rule that rock mass crack fractal distributing, the relativity of rock mass fractal dimensions and strength has been studied to adopt numerical calculate. It is found that the minus linearity relationship between logarithm of rock mass uniaxial compression strength and rock mass crack fractal dimensions

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CALCULATING THEORY OF SHAFT LINING

Jiang Binsong1 Zhang Ping1 Bou Xueyun2

2003, 22 (S1): 2183-2186 doi:

[PDF] 289 KB (870)

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In this paper, using three-dimensional model, a series of author’s studying results are briefly described for the composite shaft lining under arbitrary axisymmetric normal and tangential loads. These analytical formulae of stresses and displacements for the composite shaft lining are regarded as the theoretic basis to design a shaft lining and to analyze the cause of failures for a shaft lining.

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PROBING INTO SOME PROBLEMS OF ROCK-BOLR CRANE IN UNDERGROUND ENGINEERING

Jin Fengnian1,2,Weng Jie2，Su Xinjun2

2003, 22 (S1): 2187-2191 doi:

[PDF] 274 KB (941)

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Based on the analysis of modern design method of rock-bolt crane, some problems of the basic hypothesis are identified. After discussing the possible destruction form of the rock-bolt crane, the idea that the rockbolts under the pulling strength play a crux role in rock-bolt crane destruction and its design is emphasized. Thereafter, for the convenience of the rock-bolt crane construction and structure improving, a suggest that the interface between rock and the crane may be constructed as a whole inclined plane under full consideration of the arrangement of the rockbolts is advanced.

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The Concept and its Application of Reinforced-Crust Support Structure in Very Soft Rock Roadway

Wang Zai-quan1, Zhang Hai-ying2, Zhang Li-ming1

2003, 22 (S1): 2192-2194 doi:

[PDF] 199 KB (742)

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According to the analysis of the pressure observation and deformation curves of different support types in very soft rock roadway, it can be obtained that the increase of bolt length deteriorates the support effect, and that grouting effect in surrounding rocks whose range is far smaller than broken zone is no less than that in large range . Therefore, based on theory, numerical simulation and in-situ practice, the concept of the reinforced -crust support structure, support mechanism, characteristics, requirement and several types are brought out by increasing support strength, reducing support range and choosing suitable time.

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STUDY ON STABILITY AND SUPPORT OF DEEP COAL-MINE ROADWAYS WITHIN ROCKMASS

Liu Quansheng, Zhang Hua

2003, 22 (S1): 2195-2200 doi:

[PDF] 515 KB (761)

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Based on model test, in-site investigation, and theoretical analyses, the stability and support of rock mass surrounding coal-mine roadways 800~1000meters deep have been studied. The mechanism for effects of high crustal stress, high-level permeable pressure, and high temperature gradient on the stability of deep roadways has been concluded, and corresponding support method and technology have been carried out.

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Stability Research of the Cliff Runaway Girder in the HuiZhou Pump-Generator Plant through the Construction Period and Operating Period

Fu Jing1, Ding Xiuli1, Huan Yong2

2003, 22 (S1): 2201-2205 doi:

[PDF] 346 KB (704)

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This paper selects a typical geological section of the underground powerhouse in the HuiZhou Pump-Generator Plant, Using 2D-FLAC to simulate the excavation and supporting process of the underground caverns, and the building and run of the cliff runaway girder. The stress distribution and deformation on surrounding rock mass and the cliff runaway girder through the construction period and operating period are analyzed. Based on this, the stability of the surrounding rock mass and cliff runaway girder is evaluated.

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Stability Analysis Of The Underground Powerhouse in the HuiZhou Pump-Generator Plant

Zhang lian, Ding Xiuli, Fu Jing

2003, 22 (S1): 2206-2209 doi:

[PDF] 260 KB (772)

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The stress distribution and deformation of the surrounding rock mass in the underground powerhouse of the Huizhou pump-generator plant are analyzed using nonlinear 2D FEM. Furthermore, the influences of support measures concerning the shotcrete-bolt supporting on the stress and deformation of the surrounding rock mass are studied.Research the effect of change the excavation train、distance and expand excavation .

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MECHANSIM OF STABILITY POTENTIAL OF BOTED ROOF OF GATE

Tan Yunliang,Wang Chunqiu，Gu Shitan

2003, 22 (S1): 2210-2213 doi:

[PDF] 212 KB (837)

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As the wide applications of the technique of bolt reinforcement, such questions as how to estimate the stability of the bolted surrounding rock of gate, and how to estimate the potential of bolt reinforcement are need to answer. But there is no efficient theory to calculate the safety of the bolt reinforcement for rock engineering hitherto，because of the complexity of rock mass. In this paper, the mechanism of enhancement of rock strength by the composite action of bolts and rock is discussed; a bolted roof stability potential mechanical model is put up , according to brittle damage theory. It provides a new way of the design or safety estimation of bolt reinforcement for roof quantificationally, breaks traditional way of the bolt reinforcement theory，in which bolt reinforcing rationale can not be used for design directly, and makes the bolt reinforcing rationale and bolt reinforcing design united

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ACTUAL STATE AND DEVELOPMENT ON ANCHROAGES OF ROCK AND SOIL

Zhang Lewen Li Shucai

2003, 22 (S1): 2214-2221 doi:

[PDF] 737 KB (1426)

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Through introducing research about mechanism of ground anchorages transferring load and reinforcement effect in detail, this paper describes research actual state on anchorages theory of rock and soil, introduces application actual state of anchorage technology by types of bolts structure, anchorage machine ,anchorage material ,soil nailed wall and anchorage of soft soil, also indicates the existing question and developing direction in study .

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The Research direction of the synergetic evolution of defects causing the building construction to lose stability

Yu Guang-ming1,Zou Jian-xi1, Jiang Huan-sheng2,

2003, 22 (S1): 2222-2226 doi:

[PDF] 451 KB (787)

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with the rapid development of the building industry ,the scale of building is enlarging ,how to guarantee the building to work well in its design basis period is the serious problem that we should consider from now on, while the defects and its evolution after suffer the forces are main factors that cause the building can not work well in its design basis period .Therefore, after analyse the character of building’s defects ,we put forward the idea that the building’s defects and its evolution result in the catastrophe ,and the research direction of the synergetic evolution of defects causing the building construction to lose stability has come into being, and provide new contents for disaster prevention design and disaster protections, then we can guide the forecast of losing stability destroy、safety emulation and reinforcement.

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Study of Supporting Characteristics of Arc Terrace Metallic Support in Roadway

Jiang Jinquan1,Dong Jianjun1,Ma Xiaojun2,Zhang Jizhong3

2003, 22 (S1): 2227-2230 doi:

[PDF] 171 KB (831)

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In order to meet with the varied requirement of roadway support, the arc-terrace metallic support is newly developed. Aimed at its mechanical characteristics, the function of maximal supporting competence is derived by adopting the mechanical model of curved beam. The coefficient of supporting competence of arc-terrace metallic support is derived and analyzed based on the comparison of supporting competence between the arc-terrace metallic support and the terrace metallic support. For example cross-section of I-steel No.11, the corresponding supporting characteristics is derived by studying. The result demonstrates that the supporting competence of arc-terrace metallic support is much superiorer than terrace support. Its coefficient of supporting competence decrease accordingly with the upper beam radius increasing and increase accordingly with the upper beam span. increasing.

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Reliability analysis of highway tunnel support structures using

Deng Jian，Li Xibing

2003, 22 (S1): 2231-2235 doi:

[PDF] 251 KB (1086)

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This paper applies a stochastic finite element method by combining neural networks and Monte-Carlo simulation to calculate the reliability index of the lining structures of a highway unequal double-arch tunnel . The highway unequal double-arch tunnel consists of a big tunnel and a small tunnel. The compressive strength capacity of lining structures is regarded as the ultimate limit states, and the crack-resistance capacity is the serviceability limit states. According to reliability analysis of ultimate limit state, the reliability index of the big tunnel is smaller than that of the small tunnel. The results show that the side linings of the big tunnel are most probably the first support segment which lost supporting capacity. At the same time, the vault of the big tunnel lining is prone to be cracked by tensile stress.

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Mechanism Study of Fracturing Extending in Volcanic Reservoir

2003, 22 (S1): 2236-2240 doi:

[PDF] 353 KB (707)

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During Fracturing in volcanic reservoir, Difference between volcanic reservoir and homogeneous reservoir is great, because of natural fissures. In the paper, some new concepts are introduced on the basis of homogeneous reservoir, such as tip factor, leak factor, and modulus factor. A physics model and mathematics model are present to describe multi-fractures, leakage, tip effect. Using fitting technique for treating pressure can show these factors, the mechanism of fracture extending and the parameters of fractures. The result shows that the three factors can explain the changes of treating pressure and reflect the law of fracture extending. Therefore, three factors are important for the improvement of massive fracturing treatment and development of Volcanic Reservoir .

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Fracture Analysis of Underground Rock in Tangshan CITY

Su Chunsheng1, Zhu Qingjie2, Su Youpo2

2003, 22 (S1): 2241-2244 doi:

[PDF] 411 KB (748)

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Fracture in underground rock is one of the main reasons that affect the safety and underground engineering construction of city, the prediction of underground rock fracture distribution is very important for city planning. Research on the distribution and mechanism of city’s underground rock fracture is the key of disaster prevention and mitigation. In Tangshan city, the Big Earthquake in 1976 still remained freshly in people’s memory, which caused 240,000 lives lost. Fracture distribution investigation of underground rock and city planning has been paid more attention and recognition by many researchers. Based on elastic mechanics and finite element method, structure stress field of Tangshan city is calculated and analyzed, moreover, calculating model and parameters of the model are introduced. Firstly, six faults are separated as a kind of material, and other part of the region is separated as 5 kinds of material according to basement rock geology distribution. There are five kinds of material, Permian shale, Jixian period dolomite, Ordovician lime stone, Cambrian lime stone and sand stone, take fault as a special material and endow with appropriate mechanical characters. All elements are treated as triangular shell elements, and there are 144 nodes, 251 elements in the region. D values of all kinds of materials are calculated, and stress and energy distribution are solved. Research scope includes centeral, Fengrun, Dongkuang district and Fengnan county of Tangshan city, this scope includes six faults, Dabalizhuang fault, Dachengshanbei fault,Tangshan fault, Douhe fault, Beiziyuan anticline fault and Kaiping syncline fault. Applied force, which loaded on the model, is simplified to concentrate forces. According to Griffith’s criterion, the fracture distribution of underground rock is predicated. The calculating results are analyzed and some suggestions for city planning and disaster prevention and mitigation of Tangshan city are given.

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Discussion on Ecosystem Restoration of Rock Slope in South China

(Ye Jianjun Xu Wennian Wang Tieqiao Zhou Mingtao)

2003, 22 (S1): 2245-2249 doi:

[PDF] 629 KB (848)

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First, introduces the relating theories on ecosystem restoration, and uses them to analyze the general principle of ecosystem restoration of rock slope . Then ,based on it, introduces adaptive soil—fixing methods and water and soil conservation technic. After that, takes the greening technic with vegetation—growing concrete for example, builds the model of ecosystem restoration process of rock slope. Finally, analyzes the problems needed to notice during exploitation.

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Borehole stress calculating model coupling mechanics and chemistry in shale formation and its numerical solving method

Deng Jingen2 Guo Dongxu2 Zhou Jianliang3 Liu Shujie3

2003, 22 (S1): 2250-2253 doi:

[PDF] 216 KB (725)

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Borehole stability problem in shale formation exists in oilfields worldwide, and has not been properly solved yet. In this paper, stress distribution calculating model around borehole after shale hydration is present under the uniform in situ stress on the assumption that shale is linear elastic. The model is solved using finite differential method. Windows application program is written, which can calculate water content after shale hydration and stress redistribution around borehole. The rule of borehole collapse pressure changing with time is also analyzed using this program. The method and results in this paper are instructive for solving the problem of borehole stability in shale.

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Construction sequences and stability analysis of Longtan underground cavern

Yangdiansen1, Lishucai1, Chenweizhong1, Yangweimin2,Litingcun1, Zhu weishen2

2003, 22 (S1): 2254-2258 doi:

[PDF] 637 KB (783)

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Reasonable construction sequences are very important for stability analysis of hydropower station and cost of support. With the numerical code of FLAC3D, 5 schemes are obtained from designer, contractor and 3 of them suggested by the authors based on construction mechanics. Then, numerical simulations are executed according to the 5 schemes. The optimal construction sequences are obtained by comparing the numerical results. The results of the paper are of warranty for both designers and contractor.

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Stability Analysis of Large-scale Underground Caverns, Longtan Hydroelectric Project

Wei Jinbing, Min Hong, Deng Jianhui

2003, 22 (S1): 2259-2263 doi:

[PDF] 648 KB (953)

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The surrounding rock masses of the underground caverns, Longtan hydroelectric project are constituted of highly dipped, interbedded sandstone and mud slate, with faults and bedding plane shears well developed. This paper models the deformation and failure characteristics of the surrounding rock masses and evaluates their stability during excavation of the caverns by finite element method (FEM) and discrete element method (DEM). Results show that the deformation and failure characteristics of the surrounding rock masses is mainly controlled by faults and bedding plane shears, with the upstream sidewall shearing along the planes, the downstream sidewall toppling, and that the roof subsides and the floor bulges a little, but both are quite stable. FEM and DEM give similar results.

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Numerical simulation of Subsea tunnel

Zeng Chao1,Qiu Xiangbo2,Li Shucai2,Chen Weizhong2

2003, 22 (S1): 2264-2267 doi:

[PDF] 538 KB (1310)

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From the first subsea tunnel-Kanmon tunnel was built in 1936 in Japan, there have nearly one hundred subsea tunnel been constructed. Under special environment and geological conditions, subsea tunnel is the safest and most economical scheme. But there still have many problems need to be resolved. Here we try to research the relationship between minimum thickness of rock cover and tunnel stability by numerical method. The research combines with the engineering practice of Xiamen subsea tunnel and gives out a minimum safety rock cover thickness.

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Physical modeling and three-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis of wedge failure

Yeung, M. R.1,Jiang Qinghui2,Sun Ning1

2003, 22 (S1): 2268-2273 doi:

[PDF] 1625 KB (870)

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The failure of a block or wedge of rock in a discontinuous rock mass has been analyzed by many researchers, mainly based on the limit equilibrium approach. A review of existing limit equilibrium analysis methods shows some limitations. To address these limitations, physical models have been built to study wedge failure systematically. In addition, the physical models have been analyzed by three-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis (3-D DDA). The results show that physical modeling and 3-D DDA give the same behavior in all cases, including a case involving torsional sliding. Moreover, 3-D DDA results agree well with physical modeling results in terms of the time history of block movement. This shows that the 3-D DDA developed can potentially be used as a general stability analysis of a wedge because it considers dynamic equilibrium and general failure modes including rotational ones.

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Research on Refracturing Mechanism and Numerical Model

Du Weiping

2003, 22 (S1): 2274-2279 doi:

[PDF] 408 KB (746)

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This paper mainly studies refracturing mechanism. Through analyzing crustal stress field around borehole, it brings forward dominated factor influencing fracture configuration and finds different mechanical mechanism forming vertical fracture and horizontal fracture, build up crustal stress field model. Then based on this model and combining the mechanism theory, it builds up a numerical model including reservoir and fracture, provides important theoretical evidence for refracturing stimulation in oil field.

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APPLICATION OF THE DISPLACEMENT BACK ANALYSIS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CITY-HIGHWAY TUNNEL

Zhang Chuan， Liu Xinyu

2003, 22 (S1): 2280-2283 doi:

[PDF] 306 KB (867)

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Tunnel Engineering information construction has been widely used, and back analysis is its core. As the common useful method, displacements measure back analysis has its special advantages. This article simply introduces the basic method and discusses its advantages and disadvantages combining the application in the FUGUI-Mountain Tunnel. The article also discusses the foreground of the method and bring some problems of the furthuer solution.

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Back Analysis Method Based on Time in Deep Foundation

Qu Xia,Liu Xinyu,Hua Ruiping

2003, 22 (S1): 2284-2288 doi:

[PDF] 362 KB (855)

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This paper is based on time effect model ,combines finite element numerical method with optimal method , and found dynamic excavation back analysis method .Through simulating soil , support structure , support system, interaction between support and soil ,and foundation dynamic excavation ,attain the target of forecast foundation support structure deflection .In addition , combines site monitoring ,using the method mentioned in this paper ,analyzing second period foundation support engineering of Nanjing Huangpu public square .

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Fuzzy mathematical method of protection and analysis for rock mass displacements and the natural slope failure due to underground mining under river valley

Li Wenxiu Mei Songhua

2003, 22 (S1): 2289-2293 doi:

[PDF] 270 KB (657)

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The rock mass displacements and deformations due to underground mining has often resulted in major disasters throughout the world, frequently inflicting heavy losses of life and damage to property. And these disasters have motivated the development of rock mechanics. The prediction of displacements and deformations of rock mass and their surface effects is an important problem of the rock mechanics in the excavation activities especially the phosphorus mining in mountain areas. Based on results of the statistical analysis of a large amount of measured data in geotechnical engineering, the fundamental fuzzy model of displacements and deformations of rock mass is established by using the theory of fuzzy measures. The theories of both two- and three-dimensional problems are developed and applied to the prediction of the rock mass displacements and deformations due to mining of phosphorus ore-deposit under river valley in mountain areas. The practical technological scheme applied to the safety in production is also proposed. The agreement of the theoretical results with the field measurements shows that our model is satisfactory and the formulae obtained are valid and thus can be effectively used for predicting the displacements and deformations and the natural slope failure due to mining of phosphorus ore-deposit under river valley in mountain areas.

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Three-Dimensional Numerical Analysis of Crane Beam with Rock bolt for Complex Geological Structure

Xiao Ming， Yuan Jinliang, Chen Juntiao

2003, 22 (S1): 2294-2298 doi:

[PDF] 527 KB (746)

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A three-dimensional numerical analysis method of crane beam with rock bolt is presented according to the principle of unite loaded for surrounding rock and crane beam. A iterative process of three-dimensional non-linear damage and a computing method of simulate interface between surrounding rock and concrete crane beam are given in this paper. Rational structure shape of crane beam and parameters of anchoring support are illustrated by computing for various schemes. Computing results indicate that computing method of crane beam with rock bolt for complex geological structure are very rational.

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stability analysis of rock mass for hydraulic underground powerhouse by use of DDA

SHEN Zhen-zhong1 NI Zhi-bin2 ZHAO Jian1

2003, 22 (S1): 2299-2303 doi:

[PDF] 612 KB (899)

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Based on the block system theory and discontinuous deformation analysis, an numerical analysis model is built for the stability analysis of fractured adjoining rock mass of hydraulic underground powerhouse. Considering the material discontinuity of rock mass and its joints and faults, it can simulate the large deformation and discontinuous deformation. According to the geological investigation data, by use of the statistical method for generating the joints, the model is used to simulate the excavation of a large underground powerhouse of hydraulic power-station. The displacement field and stress field of the adjoining rock after excavation are obtained. And some useful results are found.

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3D STABILITY ANALYSIS OF VENTILATOR CHAMBER OF HIGHWAY TUNNEL

Yarg Dongmei',Qiu Xiangbo2,Li Shucai2

2003, 22 (S1): 2304-2307

[PDF] 676 KB (79)

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In mountainous highway tunnel,ventilator chambers are usually needed. The structure of ventilator chamber is complex and always connected with vehicle tunnels. The span of ventilator chamber is large,but interval between chambers is litle. So the safety and stability of ventilator chambers are very important. The three dimensional fast Lagrange analysis method is adopted to make 3D stability analysis of ventilator chamber of highway tunnel and valuable results are obtained for given practical cases.

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UNSATURATED FLOW MODEL OF ARGILLITE AND ITS APPLICATION IN SIMULATING WATER TRANSPORT

Chen weizhong1, Shao Jianfu2, G. Duveau2, B.Bourgeois2, Li shucai3, Zhu weishen3

2003, 22 (S1): 2308-2312 doi:

[PDF] 484 KB (837)

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Based on laboratory unsaturated experimental results of argillite, the extension models of hardening plasticity, Hoek-brown and Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria to include unsaturation in porous media is presented. The developed models are applied to simulate the evolution law of unsaturated water flow in surrounding rock mass and concrete support of an argillite shaft considering of excavation and ventilation. The numerical results show that the in situ stress and hydraulic parameters water relative permeability has high dependence on water transport and sizes of unsaturated zone in rock mass, especially the water relative permeability.

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The Mechanics Study of Mid-Partition in Double-Arched Tunnel

Yuan Yong1 Wang Shenghui1 Zhang Yongwu2 Du Xiaoping2 Du Guoping2

2003, 22 (S1): 2313-2316

[PDF] 403 KB (87)

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The two excavating procedures are simulated by finite element method on Jinzhulin tunnel to study the mechanics behaviour ofthe most important portion of double-arched tunnel,the mid-parition. The study results make it clear that the mid-partiion is the load-bearing member and the non-symmetrical excavating procedure would bring unbalanced forces and bending moment on the mid-partition.The feasible design of mid-partition can improve the bearing capacity ofthe whole tunnel,restrict the displacements of edges of tunnel,and increase the safety degree oflining.

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OPTIMIZATION OF BOLT SUPPORT SCHEME FOR UNDERGROUND POWER HOUSE IN A HYDRO-JUNCTION PROJECT

Sun Jing',Li Shucai'.?,Chen Weizhong', Zhu Weishen2

2003, 22 (S1): 2317-2321

[PDF] 543 KB (77)

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As one of the main support unit in underground engineering, bolt is important to underground engineering stability. In addition,it is of great porion of underground engineering investment. Therefore, reasonable bolt support scheme is of great importance to both safety and economy of underground engineering. In this paper, by using finite element method,three bolt support schemes are designedto simulate the excavation of an underground hydropower house. An equivalent model is used in the analysis to simulate mechanical effect of bolt. Thecomparison ofnumerical results with diferent bolt support schemes is given.

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The study of compaction grouting by numerical simulation

2003, 22 (S1): 2322-2327 doi:

[PDF] 471 KB (830)

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On the basis of the theory of finite deformation, the theoretical study and numerical simulation computation for compaction grouting have been undertaken in this thesis. By using modified Lagrangian formula the simulation has been taken on viscous contact between mortar bubble and earth soil by point and surface contact model. A control formula has been set up to adapt to compaction grouting method by way of finite element, while compaction grouting model has been established on the basis of testing observation upon. Finally, a finite element program has been made using Fortran language intended to simulate dynamically the injection process.

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THE NUMERICAL METHOD OF SOLVING BEAMS ON ELASTIC FOUNDATION BY RUNGE-KUTTA AND ITS APPLICATION ON THE ANALYSIS OF THE DITCH CONSTRUCTION

Tan Xin，Ding Wantao

2003, 22 (S1): 2328-2332 doi:

[PDF] 317 KB (951)

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A special finite difference method is applied to solve beams on elastic foundation .A whole beam is divided into several partitions, shear on each of them is consecutive and adapt to Runge-Kutta method. Singularitys between these partitions are disposed by making a transfer matrix base on equilibrium condition of inner force. complex boundaries can be loaded easily and results generated by this method is high accurate since inner forces are unknown quantities. The numerical simulation by this method about the construction procedure of a ditch is presented as well.

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APPLICATION OF NUMERICAL MODELING TO DEWATERING DESIGN FOR FOUNDATION PIT

Sun Rongin',Liang Xing',Zhang Xiaolun',Chen Shulin2

2003, 22 (S1): 2333-2337

[PDF] 412 KB (88)

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The total water displacement is obtained through the generalized large well method in the dewatering design for foundation pits, and then the number of wells and space between wells are calculated based on the out-let of single pumping well. The generalized large well method is not applicable when the influence radius doesn't exit and the complicated hydrogeological condition is not fit to the condition ofDupuit well-flow formula.At the same time, simple dewatering design based on uniform or uneven distibution of pumping wells for the complexed deep foundation pit may not always assure the effect ofdewatering. Numerical modeling techologyis suggested to solve the problem. A model of concrete anchor area is built up for a bridge on the lower reach of Yangtze River. The total water displacement is calculated and the collation project of the pumping wells in the dewatering outside of foundation pit is presented.The scheme is successfully used to instruct construction and an ideal eftect is gotten.

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Experiment evaluation of the physical parameters for complicated lithology reservoir

2003, 22 (S1): 2338-2343 doi:

[PDF] 463 KB (893)

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In the process of production of complicated lithology reservoir，the physical parameter will change alone with the reservoir pressure, but its rule is complicated. The rule of seepage is different from that of normal high permeability reservoirs. In the paper, we have studied the physical parameters of the metamorphics of Daqing WaiWei reservoir under different confining pressure. Through the studies, we get the rule that explains the change of permeability, porosity and total compressibility as pressure varying. The study will provide academic basis for the development of complicated lithology reservoirs, as well their fracturing and water injecting.

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Acoustic emission (AE) stress measurements for an underground mine feasibility study in Australia

Ernesto Villaescusa, Jianping Li, Graham Baird, Masahiro Seto

2003, 22 (S1): 2344-2351

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Reliable evaluation of in situ stress is an important phase in the analysis and design of underground excavations, particularly for evaluating the stability of underground structures to prevent failure or collapse. A low-cost and reliable technique for the estimation of the full stress tensor based on acoustic emission (the Kaiser effect) has been developed at the WA School of Mines over last five years. This paper presents the results for a feasibility study where four AE measurements for an Australian mine have been carried out. The results are compared well with those obtained by the conventional hollow inclusion over-coring method (HI Cell). The advantages of the AE technique are that it is relatively cheap, non-time consuming and is applicable to in situ stress measurements at depth in remote regions.

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Research the drilling and cutting characteristic of man-made diamond by experiment

Zhang Jianzheng1，Li Zukui1，Wu Chunguo2，Li Peiwu2

2003, 22 (S1): 2352-2354 doi:

[PDF] 300 KB (937)

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This paper presents the researching of the drilling and cutting characteristic on different diameter of grain made of man-made diamond by experiment，based on the equipment and methods of the experiment，describing carefully the result of analyze experiment data and obtaining qualitative conclusion on changing parameters experiment of the small diamond bit(30 millimeter in diameter)which is made of man-made diamond in different diameter of grain。

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The research of earth pressure on anchor piles bracing structure

Shi Wei Liu Jiming Zhang Wei

2003, 22 (S1): 2355-2358 doi:

[PDF] 274 KB (832)

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The level strain of the excavation is one of the most important coefficient for bracing structure design. Based on field measured date of the active arer soil strain and piles strain, focuses on research of the mechannics character and the level strain distribution of anchor piles bracing structure for deep pit is studied in this paper. The analyzed method considering Time—Space effect.

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Analysis of long-term settlementS over tunnels using visco- elastic constitutive model coupled with consolidation theory

Zhang Dongmei Huang Hongwei Wang Jianming

2003, 22 (S1): 2359-2362

[PDF] 326 KB (82)

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The evolutions of long-term settlements of tunnels in soft clays are essential to the safety of the urban tunnels and the surrounding buildings. A closed visco-clatic rheological form coupled with Terzaghi's consolidation theory is employed to predict the long-term surface settlements of tunnels. Compared with the short-term surface settlements, the long-term setlements are rather significant and developed in a quite long duration. The satisfactory agreement between observed and predicted long-term settlements indicates that the adopted analytical method is a reasonable and convenient way to estimate the development of long-term settlements of tunnels with time.

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Railway track substructure inspection

Yang Xin-an1 Gao Yangling 1 Liu Zheng 2

2003, 22 (S1): 2363-2366 doi:

[PDF] 351 KB (857)

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Before the railway speedup and repair, it is important to investigate the condition of railway track substructure by reasonable methods. According to the railway track substructure inspecting projects finished by the authors, the common used methods such as trenching, ground penetrating radar, spectral analysis of surface waves, the dynamic penetration test, direct current electrical method be evaluated. Different inspection methods should be used for different inspection purposes. The authors give the suggestion methods and examples for four kinds of inspection purposes that are investigation of busy main railway speedup, investigation of ordinary railway speedup, investigation of railway ballast regular repair and investigation of railway track substructure special problem.

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STUDY ON REINFORCED EXPENSIVE SOILS BYTRIAXIAL TESTS

Ding Wantao，TanXin

2003, 22 (S1): 2367-2330

[PDF] 289 KB (73)

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Based on the triaxial tests, the stress-strain relationship and strength properties of reinforced expansive soils are studied to get the relation between the strength index of reinforced soil and that of the corresponding plain soil. Through analyzing the normalized strength,the effect of reinforcement under diferent confining pressure is studied. The macro-behaviour ofreinforced soil is analyzed.

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DEVELOPMENT OF 3D FINITE ELEMENT MULTJ-PHASE FLOW PROGRAM FOR COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE AND CO? SEQUESTRATION IN COAL SEAM

Li Hong, Masaru Sato, Hironori Kawahara, Yotaka Narita, Michiko Shigehiro

2003, 22 (S1): 2371-2377

[PDF] 649 KB (79)

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Underground compressed air energy storage in special water-proof type of CAES is briefly introduced first, and then the foundational theory, numerical discretization,solution methods of simultaneous equations and applications to the practical projects are described in detail with the independently developed three-dimensional inite element software which can deal with the coupled flows of subsurfacewater and air (or soluble gas). At last,the furtherdevelopment of multiphase flow program dealing with the behavior of three components, ie. soluble gases (carbon dioxide and methane) andliquid (subsurface water) for the application to COz scquestration in coal seam, is also discussed.

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PREDICTION OF UNDERGROUND KARST DISTRIBUTION BASED ON NEURAL NETWORK MODEL

Zhu Qingjie, Su youpo, Chen Jing

2003, 22 (S1): 2378-2381 doi:

[PDF] 316 KB (924)

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As the progress of city modernization, there is an urgently demand for underground engineering. The existence of underground Karst is one of the main reasons of collapse and affects underground engineering construction. Underground karst distribution and collapses are controlled by many factors, so they are very difficulty to predict, especially covered by the sediments of Quaternary system. The distribution of underground karst and karst collapses are affected by groundwater, strata thickness of Quaternary system, dynamic head of groundwater, beside carbonate strata. By analyzing the mainly influence factors of karst distribution and collapses, the calculating steps of neural network method is introduced. As an example of Tangshan city, prediction model is constructed. Tangshan is one of the important industrial estates of Hebei province in China, with extensive distribution of carbonate strata and underground karst, so the disaster of karst collapse is very seriously. The distribution of underground karst in urban is mainly controlled by thickness of Quaternary system, altitude and depth of groundwater, so those factors are considered in prediction model. In the model, the component number of input layer is 3, and the component number of output layer is 1, plus coefficient of learning is 1.2, inertial coefficient is 0.5. There are two connotative layers, the component number of connotative layer 1 is 4, and the component number of connotative layer 2 is 2, the error of calculating is 9%. By iterative calculating of 65993 times, the distribution of karst in Tangshan city is predicted and some suggestions for city construction are given.

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STUDY ON A NNT MODEL OF SLOPE DISPLACEMENTS PREDICTION

Song Kezhi1,2,Wang Mengshu2,Song keyong3

2003, 22 (S1): 2382-2385 doi:

[PDF] 302 KB (940)

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As slope failure is one of widely distributed geological which treads towards to destroy ecological balance and reduces economic profits，the displacement of a slope is basically significant to predict the slope failure．But for the complication, variety, randomicity, nonstablity of factors leading to slope displacement，it is very difficult to develop exact manifest models. However, Neural network posseses strong capacity of nonlinear reflection. This paper adopts BP neural network (NNT) model to forecast the displacements of slope. In the paper, by means of local measurements in northern slope of Cangshang gold mine, Laizhou of Shandong , the BP NNT is trained. Then the net is tested by comparison between existed measurements and calculation. Finally the net can be used to calculate the displacements in the future. The whole progress course is programmed by Matlab languge. Three conclusions can be found: 1) the programs are easily realized by means of Matlab language; 2)there is tiny difference between calculated result and existed measurements and the model possesses high forecasting accuracy; 3)with the criterion of slope failure, we can use the model to predict time of slope failure .

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Numerical Simulation of Overburden Rock Strata Failure Process and permeability evolution Caused by Mining Excavation

Yang Tianhong Zhao Xingdong Leng Xuefeng Tang Chun’an

2003, 22 (S1): 2386-2389 doi:

[PDF] 807 KB (1065)

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Using Flow-coupled Rock Failure Process Analysis (F-RFPA2D) code, the dynamic development of overburden rock strata failure process and the evolution of stress fields and seepage flow fields during mining excavation are simulated. According to the results of numerical simulation, the failure mechanism of overburden rock strata and the variation of permeability are studied. The numerical results indicate that the redistribution of stress and the fracture and failure of strata induced by mining excavation have strong influence on the evolution of permeability.

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ANALYSIS OF EXCAVATION WORK

Zheng Yifeng1 2, Sun Jun1

2003, 22 (S1): 2390-2395

[PDF] 1274 KB (115)

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In allusion to the construction particularity and existing problems for excavation work, on the basis of analysis of visualization of scientific computing, a visual data analysis method of excavation work was studied in this paper. This paper found a way for engineers to use visualization of scientific computing method to solve excavation work data visualization problems. Volume visualization of surface-based rendering has been applied to visualization of excavation environment and voxel-based rendering (Direct volume rendering) has been applied to visualization of excavation data analysis. A direct volume rendering method of excavation data analysis about Runyang bridge anchor-abutment constructed by freezing excavation method (as a former study) is studied and some unusual problems have been found by visualization analysis of excavation work. Volume Data set of excavation work and its structure have been set up. Almost all soil mechanics parameters and soil displacement field have been involved in this volume data. Now we can discuss soil behavior at anytime of excavation session. A complete visualization analysis system of excavation work is given, by which we can study whole process of excavation work with visualization analysis method.

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Technical Reformation of Shield's Data Acquisition System in Shanghai Metro Construction

Yang, Hong Yan,

2003, 22 (S1): 2396-2401 doi:

[PDF] 895 KB (904)

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In accordance with requirements raised from information management in tunnel construction of the second stage Pearl Line , Shanghai Metro, a technical reformation scheme of data acquisition system for shields previously introduced from overseas has been set up and implemented. With the newly added gyroscope, computer application software for attitude control , shield tunneling data management ,and dedicated expandable LAN network on shield's real time data have been developed. It is well referable for data acquisition in domestically manufactured shields henceforth..

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STUDY ON THE AUTOMATICALLY AND INTELLECTUALLY MONITORING METHOD OF HUANGBEI LING FAULT DISPLACEMENT IN SHENZHEN CITY

Xiang Wen1, Zhang Qiangyong1, Zhu Weishen2

2003, 22 (S1): 2402-2404 doi:

[PDF] 385 KB (831)

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A monitoring method of fault displacement is introduced. It is intellectual and automatic. By using the method, the rate of grasping data has been raised largely. These data are full and accurate and have helped to predict the geological hazards such as land subsidence and land crack etc. caused by fault movement. Now, this method has been used on the Huangbei Ling Fault in Shenzhen. Through one year’s observation, it is obtained that the fault moving trend is upward. For the volume is small, the suddenly big moving would’nt be happened. Movement of the Fault has been kept on watch.

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THE MONITORING, FORECAST AND DECISION SYSTEM FOR SURROUNDING ROCKMASS INSTABILITY OF TUNNELS

Li Tianbin1, Wang Lansheng1, Li Yonglin2, Jiang Yun2

2003, 22 (S1): 2405-2408

[PDF] 341 KB (101)

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The monitoring,forecast and decision system for surrounding rockmass stability oftunnels(TMFS) is established preliminarily in the research on surrounding rockmass stability of Erlang mountain tunnel. The constitution, operation and application effects of TMFS are described, and the idea of comprehensive and integrated analysis is put forward on surrounding rockmass stability.

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ESTABLISHMENT OF REASONABLE LAGGED TIME FOR LANEWAY REINFORCED BY GROUTING

Qiao Weiguo', Ouglianitsa A B2,Perchine B B2

2003, 22 (S1): 2409-2411

[PDF] 213 KB (80)

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Based on the theoretical analysis and testing studies, the relationship between the fracture coefficients of surrounding rocks and the peripheral displacements of the laneway is set up. The theory and method of the grouting bolt are also put forward, which can be used as a instrument of lagged time for directing grouting.Furthermore, the reasonable range of fracture coefficient of surrounding rocksat the beginning of grouting is examined,and the nomogram of the displacement oflaneway profile is determined.

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SMART DECISION-MAKING AIDED SYSTEM TO SHIELD TUNNELING PROJECT

Zhou Wenbo,Wu Huiming

2003, 22 (S1): 2412-2417 doi:

[PDF] 511 KB (824)

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This Article presents the layout, functions and features of Smart Decision-making Aids System to Shield Tunneling Project. By way of its engineering application , it got to be modified and improved, and hence to show its precision and practicality.

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RESEARCH ON THE FUZZY SYNTHETIC EVALUATION MODEL FOR THE STABILITY OF THE SURROUND ROCK OF THE UNDERGROUND PROJECT

Sheng Jiliang

2003, 22 (S1): 2418-2421 doi:

[PDF] 273 KB (1000)

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In the construction of underground projects, the parameters and measures of excavation and supporting are usually determined by the stability class of the surround rock. In the construction area of water and hydro-electric projects, a research result was gained for surround rock stability classification according to the geologic and mechanical parameters. But there are some shortcomings in using it. After researching, a Fuzzy synthetic evaluation model is established. Testified by the practice, the model can make up for the shortcomings and make it easy and reasonable to use the old result.

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A Discussion about the Technique of Tunnel Disease Classification

JiangBin Wu

2003, 22 (S1): 2422-2425 doi:

[PDF] 323 KB (1325)

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The traditional technique of tunnel disease classification based on the qualitative analysis has many defects. In order to manifest the exact state of tunnel disease, a new kind of tunnel disease classification technique is presented in this paper. The achievement of this technique establishes a stable groundwork for the tunnel disease diagnosis and appraisal system.

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One method of engineering geologic drawing vectorization

Li Shaoguang1 Zheng Hong2 Liu Yaolin1

2003, 22 (S1): 2426-2429 doi:

[PDF] 293 KB (884)

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This paper presents a new interview vectorizaton method that can overcome some issues in traditional interview vectorization, e.g., losing of info on the color and the line width in original drawings, difficulty in retrieving attribution data. The proposed procedure can utilize the info on the line width and color in original drawings to identify the attribution data.

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CONTROL STUDY ON MAJOR PARAMETERS FOR SHELD TUNNELING

Zhou Wenbo',Ha Ming2

2003, 22 (S1): 2430-2433

[PDF] 476 KB (75)

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A math modeling nethod is proposed to control the major parameters for shield tunneling and ground setlement, with help of mulli-stage neuro-network. The optimized combination of major construction parameters is made by means of genetic algorithm.

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The Study of Monetization on Social & Environmental Benefits Assessment on the Projects of Underground Transport

Jiang Wei Chen Zhilong

2003, 22 (S1): 2434-2437

[PDF] 322 KB (52)

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Usually the Projects of civil underground transport have a little direct economic benefit, its main effect lies in immaterial benefit of society and environment. At present, the method of assessing immaterial benefit by monetization, is still in exploration. This paper’s purpose is to make people rightly accept the economic benefit of the project of underground transport, and accelerate exploitation and utilization of underground space by monetization study of the social and environmental benefits of underground transport.

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USE OF FULL FACE SLURRY SHIELD FOR PIPE JACKING IN HONG KONG'S RECLAIMED LAND

Ying HM',Poon S W2

2003, 22 (S1): 2438-2442 doi:

[PDF] 186 KB (636)

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Pipe jacking has become a popular methot in d zinage construction in Hong Kong.However,the varied ground conditions encountered in reclhinediand may pose sivers jroolems to pipe jacking operation. This paper presents theexperience ofusing the: fuli fuce lury shield for pipe jackingin a reclaimed area. The study shows that the full face slury shicld with a rock cutting head performs satisfactorily. To ensure the machine can work effectively in all ground conditions, other factors nced to be considered including the rock cutting head being worm away, the hiting of under-ground structures, the sustainability ofjacked pipes aligument,the associated ground setlement and the damage to the jacked pipes caused by the jacking pressure.

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ANALYSING OF THE REASONS OF FAIL IN SURVEY FORWARD FROM WORKING FACE BY MEANS OF TSP IN SOME TUNNELS

ZHONG Shihang

2003, 22 (S1): 2443-2446 doi:

[PDF] 386 KB (975)

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It is interested to technology about surveying forward from working face. But heavy fails in survey by means of TSP202 in some tunnels. What are reasons? (a)A data of geophysical survey may has several explanations. If someone not familiars with complicated geology objects and geophysical features, and tries use one or two models to explain getting geophysical data and has made intelligent explaining software, fails should wait him. (b)TSP not is fit to survey the bodies with limited size, as Karst caves. Law and way of correct geological and geophysical application must be observed.

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Design Introduction of Xue Feng Shan Tunnle

Guo Xiaohong, Zhu Guangyi, Ke Xiaohua, Liangwei

2003, 22 (S1): 2447-2452 doi:

[PDF] 694 KB (745)

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The longth of the Xue Feng Shan Tunnel which will be constructed recently is about 2*7km, it is the longest double-line highway tunnel in China by now. In the surveying and designing, we sufficiently absorb the experience of long and huge tunnel projects which have been successfully constructed in China and in the world. Through carfully research and design, to ensure the technique is advanced and the engineering quality is credible. A summary of the main points in tunnel design is introduced in this paper.

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Construction Technical Research for High Elevation Tunnel in Cold Weather

Du Bin1,2

2003, 22 (S1): 2453-2456 doi:

[PDF] 352 KB (622)

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In connection with thespecial climate characteristics, engineering geology and hydraulic geology of Dabansha, Some new theories, new techniques, new technologies and new materials are comprehensively employed in the construction; technologies suitable for the tunnel construction with high elevation and cold condition such as comprehensive waterproof and drainage, anti spew frost damage and heat preservation, the construction equipment mechanization mating etc. are researched and developed with the comprehensive use of new theory, new method, new technique, new technology and new materials. And on the basis of large amount of researches and experiments, some new techniques and new technologies were boldly introduced into China the first time, which solved many technical difficulties well such as the problem of water seepage used to happen everywhere, and spew frost damage.

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Technique for proper pressure difference determination in underbalance drilling and its application in Xinjiang oilfield

Zhang Shouliang1 Deng Jingen1 Xu Xianguang2 Li Weixuan2 Cha Yongjin3

2003, 22 (S1): 2457-2460 doi:

[PDF] 202 KB (944)

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Borehole stability is the key for successful underbalance drilling. In this paper, critical differential pressure calculating model for maintaining borehole stability and preventing blowout while drilling in underbalance condition is presented, using poroelastic and rock mechanics theory, and then, the principle for determining proper underbalance drilling pressure difference is put forward. Finally, using in situ stresses and rock strength parameters of well block ShiNan 4, critical underbalance drilling differential pressure of this block is calculated, according the result, the feasibility of underbalance drilling in this block is analyzed. Field application shows that theoretical results match the engineering situations very well, thus verifies the model.

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EXCAVATING METHOD OF HANJIALING LARGE-SCAN SPAN AND LOW-DEEP TUNNEL AND ANALYSIS OF STABILITY

Xi Chunlei Zhu Fusheng Wang Shuhong and Du Xuan

2003, 22 (S1): 2461-2463 doi:

[PDF] 187 KB (857)

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By research of the geology in Hanjialing tunnel, explain the multi-layers excavating method of tunnel and the pre-support methods such as big diameter tube supporting system, small diameter tube supporting system and bolt, at the end there are some meaningful suggestions for the construction of the tunnel.

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STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF SUBWAY BY SHIELD TUNNELING ON ENVIRONMENT

Huang Runqiu, Qi Guoqing

2003, 22 (S1): 2464-2468 doi:

[PDF] 341 KB (1266)

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influence of subway by shield tunneling on environment, such as surface subsidence, subsidiary stress dueto shield tunneling,drainage and waterproof,and the influence of earthquake on shield tunnel, are studied,according to existing documentation and construction experience. Based on this,the viewpoint is presented that the main reason of generating surface subsidence is that construction disturbs surounding soil in the process of shield tunneling,and another reason is the drainage groundwater. Theeffect of earthquake on tunnel by shield driven is discussed on the aspect of earthquake response of the tunnel by shield driven in clay soil and identification of earthquake caused groundliquefying in sandy soil around tunnel byshield driven.

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Study on the Problem of surface subsidence in Subway by Shield Tunneling

Qi Guoqing Huang Runqiu

2003, 22 (S1): 2469-2473 doi:

[PDF] 284 KB (943)

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The shield tunneling is a future main method of the subway tunneling in the city. The success experience and technique have been achieved in our country, but the theoretical and technical problem still need be solved in the field of geology engineering relate to the shield tunneling. In this paper, the problem of the surface subsidence about the shield tunneling and the estimation method of range of surface subsidence is studied, according to existing documentation and success experience. Based on this, the viewpoint that main reason of generating the surface subsidence is the subsidiary stress in the process of the shield tunneling, and the comprehensive analysis should be applied to the estimation method of range of surface subsidence are presented. The effect of the subsidiary stress on surrounding structure and stratum layer is set forth.

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THE DESIGN OF CONSTRUCT SCHEME FOR WUSHAOLING SPECIAL LONG TUNNEL

Yin lijun

2003, 22 (S1): 2474-2477 doi:

[PDF] 326 KB (1107)

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The stratum of Wushaoling tunnel is complicated, there is igneous rock, metamorphic rock and sedimentary rock. It's geological structure has fracture, fold and joint. Furthermore, there may be a series of geological disasters such as, rock burst, high geothermal, surrounding rock unsteability, burst flow water, active fault, high seism area and so on. These problems have little foresighted, so during the process of construction it need adopt informational design, dynamic management pattern and resolve all sorts of problems which will appear timely and quickly. These measures can insure the quality and the time limit for a project.

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Construction Technique in Joints for Chang Hong Immersed Tube Tunnel

Liu Qianwei

2003, 22 (S1): 2478-2483 doi:

[PDF] 391 KB (1038)

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Element joint is an important part of immersed tube tunnel, therefore conforming to water tightness by first, i.e. no seepage during and after the construction stage, when it is put into operation, secondly possessing an ability of resisting to all physical action, which includes subjecting to various loadings and forced deformation, such as earth quake, temperature variation, and ground deformation etc. Thirdly, a definite knowledge of loaded regime, to facilitate construction and ensure its quality. This article, based on element joint structure details and functional requirements, presents the basic criteria of choosing the types of two courses of water stop strips and their fix up skills, and describes other construction features of element joint, such as shear key fabrication method, especially the construction features of steel cables on the joint, fit-on expertise and anti-erosion and fire proof measures. At the same time, this article introduces construction method of the final joint in Chang Hong Immersed Tube Tunnel.

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APPLICATION OF HANG FORM AND MOIST SHOTCRETE TECHNOLOGY TO THE TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION

Deng You Dong

2003, 22 (S1): 2484-2489 doi:

[PDF] 453 KB (986)

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Take XiaoTuanShan tunnel as an example to introduces how to select of the original material of the shotcrete process and concrete mixture ratio ,the disposition of the production factors,the constors,the construction equipments,quality control and result analysis of the tunnel construction.

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THE COMPLICATION OF SHOTCRETE-BOLT IN DEEP PIT SLOPE STABILIZATION

Wang Chaodong，Xia Xiang

2003, 22 (S1): 2490-2493 doi:

[PDF] 250 KB (774)

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Shotcrete-bolt technology has been applied successfully in many civil enginerings and has a promising future in stabilization of deep pit slope. Taking the ward building projectof Wuhan Hospital 4as an example,the design,calculation and construction of the shotcrete-bolt are presented for the stabilization ofdeep pit slope. The geological conditions of the building foundation are very complicated and the pit is about 5 metes deep.Discussions are made on slope stabilization in special conditions such as soft soil layers.

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Study On Slurry Balanced Pipe Jacking Construction & Its Parameters

By Fu, Deming; Lou, Ruyue

2003, 22 (S1): 2493-2501 doi:

[PDF] 759 KB (1359)

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Contract 1.1 of Shanghai Sewerage Implementation Project II stage was a work job to cross the Huangpu River as an inverted siphon, where EP requirements have been strict, and work execution difficult. This article presents ,in particular ,the application in this project ,of the first slurry balanced pipe jacking machine in China and a study on construction parameters for slurry balanced pipe jacking operation in order to find the behavior of ground settlement caused by it.

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Research on Formation Characteristics and Bit Selection for the Northeast Region of Sichuan Province

Li Peiwu1 Wu Chunguo1 Li Zukui2 Cui Shunli1 Geng Yingchun2 Li Rong2

2003, 22 (S1): 2502-2505 doi:

[PDF] 307 KB (862)

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For exploration and development of oil & gas resources in the northeast region of China’s Sichuan Province, this paper describes the research on formation characteristics by combining formations with drilling difficulties in this region and the latest research results of bit type selection by using rock drillability. Corresponding relationship between IADC Codes and formation drillability is proposed for the first time in our country, and case histories of bit type selection using IADC Codes are also presented.

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NDERGROUND CHAMBER AT A HYDROPOWER STATION

LI Xin-ping SONG Gui-hong WEN Jian-hua XIE Quan-min

2003, 22 (S1): 2506-2509 doi:

[PDF] 307 KB (724)

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The blasting vibration of an underground chamber is observed, analyzed and processed. The decay experience formula of the blasting earthquake wave is obtained. According to features of underground chamber of a hydropower station, its damage standards of blasting vibration are given. On the basis of the decay experience formula and damage standards, the blasting safety control parameters of new cast-in-situ concrete of the underground chamber are gained. In the end, in the light of construction characteristics of the underground chamber, the control measures of the blasting are proposed. The construction effects of the project indicated that research achievements of this paper are better applied in the project, and the blasting of the project is smoothly finished.

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DISEASES IN THE LINERS OF JOINT ARCH TUNNEL AND THEIR TREATMENT

Su Shengrui1，2 Zhu Hehua1 Li Guofeng3

2003, 22 (S1): 2510-2515 doi:

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The characteristics and origin of diseases in the liners of a joint arch tunnel in Yunnan Province is studied and the treatment measure is proposed. The main diseases in the liners are cracks, peeling-off and water-leakage. Cracks occur on the central wall and its basement, flank walls, arch crown as well as the inverted arch, and mostly in the central wall. Peeling-off mainly happens in the connecting part between central wall and arch crown. Water-leakage takes place mostly in the connecting part between central wall and arch crown, and partly along the cracks. The cracks may be classified into vertical, horizontal and inclined ones according to their extending directions. Distribution of the inclined cracks is closely related to the depth of the tunnel and they mostly appear in the central wall and the lower part of arch crown. Horizontal cracks distribute mainly in the arch crown. The occurrence of these diseases is related to geological condition, unreasonable design, and poor construction control. The engineering treatment measures for cracks, peeling-off, water-leakage are proposed. Since the poor geological condition such as lower roakmass quality and richer groundwater are the essential cause of leading these disease, the authors also put forward treatment measures of the ground within the tunnel.

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RESEARCH ON TBM CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES FOR DEALING WITH WATER-ERODED CAVE

Li wenfang

2003, 22 (S1): 2516-2519 doi:

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TBM is commonly used in long tunnel excavation for its advantages. Unfortunately, there were no mature techniques and experiences for dealing with water-eroded caves in construction. Normally, temporarily reinforcement will be done during excavation, and permanent support will be done after excavation. In this paper, some techniques have been done for dealing with water-eroded caves in international bid Ⅰand Ⅱ of Shanxi Yellow River Diversion Project will be discussed.

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RESEARCH ON TBM CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES FOR SOUTH MAIN OF YRDP

LIU Huaiguo1 zhang Jing2 Zhang Yuelin2

2003, 22 (S1): 2520-2522 doi:

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TBM is commonly used for deep buried and long tunnels and become prevails for tunnel excavation in international practices. The total length of No.4~7 tunnels in south main of Shanxi Yellow River Diversion Project(YRDP) is 90Km. The tunnel is excavated by TBM except some soil entranceways. The longest tunnel is about 43Km and hydrological geology of the tunnel is quite complex. According to practical experiences, this paper will discuss some construction countermeasures for TBM constructions in bad geological sites in engineering.

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RESARCH ON SEVERAL CRITICAL PROBLEMS OF PROTECTION EMBANKMENT FOR RESREVIOR BANK OF THE THREE GORGES PROGECT

Liu Chuanshun',Luo Fangxiang2,Liu Zhical?,Huang Zhanfeng

2003, 22 (S1): 2523-2527

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Protection embankments are widespreadly constructed in the Three Gorges reservoir to protect the bank from sliding failures. The reservoir operation is controlled by flood prevention demanding,and the reservoir level must be descended before flood season. The suitable structures of protection embankments are proposed after analyzing the reservoir operation,land configuration and foundation structure. Stability ofprotection embankments and its response to the reservoir drawdown are studied by seepage analysis in transient conditions with finite element method coupled with limit equilibrium method.

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INCLINATION CORRECTION AND ANALYSIS FOR INCLINATION OF SEVEN-FLOOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Sun Jianping1 Chen Qihui1 Zhang Xin1 Zhang Zongyu2

2003, 22 (S1): 2528-2531

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On basis of analysis for inclination of building, Technology of adjusting its loaded center of gravity and correction inclination of slant hole is put into practice. Namely soil is excavated under one-floor ground in superior subsidence side, and overhead plate is carried out on the ground; loaded center of gravity of building is adjusted by loading in minor subsidence side. Then slant hole is constructed in minor subsidence side, and stress is released in soil, the hole is shrinking, and subsidence is come into existence. The sloping building is forced to reverse the inclination step by step.

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DISCUSSION ON LAYOUT OF WORKS OF SERVICE TEAM FOR CIVIL AIR DEFENSE IN UNDERGROUND SPACE PLANNING

Guo Dongjun, Chen Zhilong, Yang yanjun

2003, 22 (S1): 2532-2535 doi:

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Under the conditions that today the development and utilization of civil underground space are being extensively launched, how to consider the whole layout of the works of service team for civil air defense in accordance of the feature of the modern war has been the discussible issue. This article puts forward the principles, measure and model of the plan layout of the works of service team for civil air defense under the conditions of the local war with the high technology.

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EFFECT OF PYLE DRIVING ON PROPERTIES OF SOFT CLAY FOUNDATION

Wang Hailin',Liu Zika2, Guo Qijun3

2003, 22 (S1): 2536-2540

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Some geo-environmental problems under pile foundation constructionarestudied. The physical and mechanical parameters of soft clay under construction disturbance are analyzed. The method for calculating squeezing stress and excess pore pressure by elastic-plastic theory is deduced. The variations ofstress stateand structure of soil are discussed. The deformation and stability of soft clay mass arealso analyzed. Besides, the bearing capacity of pile under pile driving and its changes withtime after constructionare also discussed.