含结构面岩体岩爆特征真三轴试验研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.0133

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摘要工程实践表明，含结构面岩体岩爆发生范围更广，频率更高，工程安全风险更大。对含结构面岩体岩爆机制及破坏特征的深入研究对于深埋地下工程岩爆灾害的防控和治理具有重要意义。基于深埋高应力隧洞含结构面岩体岩爆的典型破坏模式，开展室内含结构面花岗岩、灰岩和砂岩试样的真三轴试验，通过荷载‐位移、声发射、围岩体加速度和高速摄影等多种监测手段，研究不同结构面倾角及不同岩性影响下含结构面岩体岩爆特征及破坏机制。研究结果表明，结构面倾角(结构面与最大主应力平面的夹角)、结构面参数(内摩擦角和黏聚力)对含结构面岩体的破坏模式起控制性作用。当结构面倾角较小时，含结构面围岩发生应变型劈裂破坏；当结构面倾角较大时，岩体呈沿结构面剪切滑移破坏特征。当含结构面岩体发生应变型劈裂破坏时，结构面两侧岩体产生与临空面近似平行的张拉裂缝或裂隙，并伴随剧烈岩爆，岩爆坑边界是结构面及劈裂缝围成的空间区域，岩爆弹射体的最大加速度可达13.56 g。而当含结构面岩体发生剪切滑移破坏时，岩体破坏能量大大弱化，几乎无动力破坏现象产生。研究成果可为深埋高应力地下工程灾害防控与治理提供重要参考。

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	李育宗1
	袁亮1
	张庆贺1
	王圣涛2
	穆朝民1
	章新生2

关键词 ：岩石力学, 岩爆, 结构面, 倾角, 真三轴试验, 声发射

Abstract：Engineering practices have demonstrated that rock masses containing structural planes exhibit wider ranges，higher frequencies and greater risks in terms of engineering safety in relation to rockbursts. Consequently，investigating the mechanism and failure characteristics of such rockbursts is of paramount importance，in order to prevent，control and treat deep-buried rockburst disasters. Based on the typical failure mode of rockbursts in tunnels for rock masses containing structural planes，laboratory true-triaxial tests were conducted on granite，limestone and sandstone specimens with structural planes. The load-displacement relationship，acoustic emission，ejection acceleration，and high-speed photography techniques were utilized to investigate the characteristics and failure mechanism of the rock masses under different joint dip angles and lithologies. The experimental results demonstrate that the failure mode of rock masses containing structural planes is significantly influenced by the dip angle(i.e.，the angle between the maximum principal stress plane and the structural plane) and the parameters(such as internal friction angle and cohesion) of the structural planes. In particular，when the dip angle of the structural plane is small，the surrounding rocks can undergo strain-type splitting failure. With increasing dip angle，the rock mass exhibits a characteristic shear-slip failure along the structural surface. When the rock mass containing structural planes undergoes strain-type splitting failure，tension cracks or fractures approximately parallel to the free surface occur on both sides of the structural plane，leading to the occurrence of violent rockbursts. The boundary of the rockburst pit is enclosed by the structural plane and the split fracture，and the maximum acceleration of the rockburst ejection can reach 13.56 g. In contrast，when the rock mass with structural planes is subjected to shear-slip failure，the failure energy of the rock mass is greatly weakened，and almost no dynamic failure phenomenon occurs. These research results present significant implications for disaster prevention，control，and mitigation strategies in deep buried underground engineering.

Key words： rock mechanics rockburst structural plane dip angle true-triaxial test acoustic emission

引用本文:

李育宗1，袁亮1，张庆贺1，王圣涛2，穆朝民1，章新生2. 含结构面岩体岩爆特征真三轴试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2024, 43(1): 120-132.
LI Yuzong1，YUAN Liang1，ZHANG Qinghe1，WANG Shengtao2，MU Chaomin1，ZHANG Xinsheng2. True-triaxial experimental study on the rockburst characteristics of rock mass with a structural plane. , 2024, 43(1): 120-132.

链接本文:

http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.0133 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2024/V43/I1/120

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