不同底床坡度下的堰塞坝溃决过程研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2017.1401

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摘要针对缺乏底床坡度对堰塞坝溃决过程影响的现状，采用7种底床坡度(1°，2°，3°，7°，9°，11°，13°)进行堰塞坝溃决试验，结果表明：不同底床坡度条件下的堰塞坝溃决过程分为3个阶段，其中第I阶段溃口发展缓慢，在背水坡形成明显的水流坡折点，第II阶段溯源侵蚀强烈，溃口快速下切和展宽，溃口类似于梯形，第III阶段水沙运动减弱并趋于平衡。峰值流量与底床坡度呈非单调关系，其随底床坡度的增大先增大后减小。当底床坡度较小时，溯源侵蚀是溃口下切的主要动力；随底床坡度逐渐增大，牵引侵蚀对溃口纵向和横向发展的作用增大。溃口宽度与深度之比随底床坡度的增大先增大后减小，且以3°为分界值。溃决后的溃口宽深比随底床坡度的增大呈先趋于1，后渐小于1的规律。

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	蒋先刚1
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关键词 ：水利工程, 溃决过程, 底床坡度, 堰塞坝

Abstract：Natural dams formed by landslides may produce disastrous floods after dam outburst. However，the breaching characteristics of natural dams influenced by bed slopes are still unclear. In this paper，a series of laboratory tests including seven different flume bed slope angles(1°，2°，3°，7°，9°，11°，and 13°)are conducted. The results show that three stages are observed during dam breaching. In stageⅠ，the breach develops slowly. And，flow break point is occurred on downstream slope. In stageⅡ，the breach develops quickly in depth and width due to backward erosion. The shape of the breach is similar to trapezoid during this period. In stage Ⅲ，the flow water and sediment turns to a new balance. There is a non-monotonic relationship between peak discharge and channel bed slope. With increasing of channel bed slope，peak discharge increases firstly and then decreases. The backward erosion is the main driving force to deepen the breach when slope angle is small. However，the development of the breach could be seriously influenced by traction erosion when slope angle is large. When channel bed slope is below 3°，the ratio of breach width to depth increases as the channel bed slope increasing. Otherwise，the ratio of breaching width to depth decreases with the same tendency. The ratio of breach width to depth after dam failure tends to be 1 and then less than 1 with the slope increasing.

Key words： hydraulic engineering breaching process bed slope natural dam

引用本文:

蒋先刚1，2，吴雷1. 不同底床坡度下的堰塞坝溃决过程研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2019, 38(S1): 3008-3014.
JIANG Xiangang1，2，WU Lei1. Influence of bed slope on breaching process of natural dam. , 2019, 38(S1): 3008-3014.

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http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2017.1401 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2019/V38/IS1/3008

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