高温裂隙花岗岩体ScCO2压裂原位渗流–传热特性试验研究

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0869

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摘要干热岩地热储层发育大量天然裂缝，通过超临界CO2（ScCO2）压裂造缝激活和沟通天然裂缝形成连通的复杂缝网，是提高热储渗透及换热的有效途径。开展不同温度（100 ℃～300 ℃）条件下高温裂隙花岗岩体ScCO2压裂原位渗流–传热试验，对高温作用下ScCO2与清水压裂的注入压力曲线、压后缝网形态、裂缝面特征、渗透率及对流换热系数进行研究。结果表明：（1）相比清水压裂，ScCO2压裂增压较慢，起裂压力较低；ScCO2压裂裂隙面剥落物质量较大，裂缝面更为粗糙。此外，ScCO2压裂花岗岩产生多条分支裂缝，与天然裂缝连通效果更好；（2）受花岗岩破裂时压裂液瞬态相变及流体对流换热的影响，压裂端流体温度随花岗岩破裂扩展而下降，且花岗岩初始温度越高，流体温度下降幅值越大；（3）ScCO2压裂后花岗岩体渗透率是清水压裂的4.38～5.18倍，且随压力梯度增大岩体内出现非稳态渗流，渗透率差异进一步加大；（4）ScCO2和清水压裂花岗岩体出口流量和渗透率随温度升高而降低，相比清水压裂，ScCO2压裂的降幅更大，温度由100 ℃上升至300 ℃，ScCO2压裂的出口流量和渗透率分别下降59.5%和85.3%；（5）随着花岗岩温度升高，虽然采出流体温度升高，但由于约束应力增大，对流换热系数随渗透率降低而下降。ScCO2压裂后花岗岩体对流换热系数是清水压裂的8.68～9.68倍，体现了ScCO2压裂岩体具备优良的换热效果。研究成果为干热岩储层压裂造储及地热能高效开采提供一定理论指导。

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	李智凌1
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关键词 ：岩石力学, ScCO2压裂, 高温花岗岩, 压裂&ndash, 渗流, 对流换热特性, 地热开采

Abstract：Hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal reservoirs contain abundant natural fractures. Utilizing supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) fracturing can activate and connect these fractures to form a complex fracture network, providing an effective method to enhance reservoir permeability and heat exchange. In-situ high-temperature fracturing experiments on fractured granite using ScCO2 are conducted at temperatures ranging from 100 ℃ to 300 ℃. The injection pressure curves, post-fracturing fracture network morphology, fracture surface characteristics, permeability and convective heat transfer coefficients for both ScCO2 and water fracturing under high-temperature conditions are analyzed. The results indicate that: (1) Compared to water fracturing, ScCO2 fracturing exhibits a slower pressure increase and a lower fracture initiation pressure. ScCO2 fracturing results in more spalling on the fracture surfaces, rendering them rougher. Additionally, ScCO2 fracturing of granite generates multiple branch fractures that connect more effectively with natural fractures. (2) The transient phase change of the fracturing fluid and the convective heat transfer of the fluid due to crack propagation lead to a decrease in fluid temperature at the fracturing zones as the fractures propagate. Notably, the greater the initial temperature of the granite, the more significant the decrease in fluid temperature. (3) The permeability of granite following ScCO2 fracturing is 4.38 to 5.18 times greater than that of water fracturing, with a non-steady seepage phenomenon occurring as the pressure gradient increases, further amplifying the difference in permeability between the two fracturing methods. For both ScCO2- and water-fractured granite, both outlet flow rate and permeability decrease with increasing temperature, with ScCO2 fracturing exhibiting a more pronounced reduction. Specifically, as the temperature rises from 100 ℃ to 300 ℃, the outlet flow rate and permeability of ScCO2-fractured granite decrease by 59.5% and 85.3%, respectively. (5) Although the produced fluid temperature increases with rising granite temperature, the convective heat transfer coefficient decreases due to reduced permeability under higher confining stress. Nevertheless, ScCO2-fractured granite maintains a convective heat transfer coefficient that is 8.68 to 9.68 times greater than that of water fracturing, demonstrating superior thermal exchange performance. This study provides theoretical guidance for fracturing stimulation and efficient geothermal energy extraction in hot dry rock reservoirs

Key words： rock mechanics ScCO2 fracturing high-temperature granite fracturing-permeability convective heat transfer characteristics geothermal exploitation

引用本文:

李智凌1，2，陈跃都2，梁卫国1，2，杜文杰2，闫俊材1，2. 高温裂隙花岗岩体ScCO2压裂原位渗流–传热特性试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(8): 2086-2100.
LI Zhiling1, 2, CHEN Yuedu2, LIANG Weiguo1, 2, DU Wenjie2, YAN Juncai1, 2. In-situ seepage and heat transfer characteristics of ScCO2 fracturing in high-temperature fractured granite. , 2025, 44(8): 2086-2100.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0869 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I8/2086

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