圆形硐室岩爆临界应力研究

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0965

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摘要岩爆是硐室在高应力条件下突然失稳爆裂的一种动力灾害，临界应力是岩爆发生的最关键指标。研究提出了硐室岩爆发生的载荷极大值和势能极大值判别准则，并推导得到圆形硐室在静水压力下发生岩爆的临界应力理论公式。2种判别准则推导得到的临界应力误差小于2%。研究表明，临界应力主要受单轴抗压强度、岩爆能量指数、内摩擦角及支护应力影响。对尺寸为150 mm×150 mm×50 mm的花岗质片麻岩和玄武岩等圆形硐室试件进行双轴等压加载岩爆试验，临界应力试验值与理论值的平均误差为2.53%。对比现场案例发现，岩爆发生实际应力与临界应力比值平均为0.55，据此对理论公式进行了修正。从硐室岩爆的危险性评价、防治设计和安全性评价等方面讨论了临界应力公式的应用。

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	潘一山1
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	高学鹏1

关键词 ：岩石力学, 岩爆, 圆形硐室, 临界应力, 岩爆能量指数, 载荷极大值与势能极大值

Abstract：Rockburst is a dynamic disaster characterized by the sudden instability and violent fracturing of chambers under high-stress conditions, with the critical stress serving as the most pivotal indicator. In this study, the maximum load criterion and the maximum potential energy criterion for the occurrence of rockbursts in chambers were proposed, and the theoretical critical stress formulas for rockbursts in circular chambers under hydrostatic pressure were derived. The discrepancy in critical stress derived from the two discrimination criteria is less than 2%. This study indicated that the critical stress was mainly influenced by uniaxial compressive strength, rockburst energy index, internal friction angle, and support stress. The biaxial isobaric loading experiments were conducted on circular chamber specimens of granite gneiss and basalt with dimensions of 150 mm× 150 mm× 50 mm. The average error between the experimental and theoretical values of the critical stress was 2.53%. Comparative analysis with field cases revealed an average ratio of 0.55 between actual stress and critical stress, prompting subsequent refinement of the formula. The application of the critical stress formula was discussed from the aspects of hazard assessment, prevention design, and safety evaluation of chamber rockbursts.

Key words： rock mechanics rockburst circular cavern critical stress rockburst energy index maximum load and maximum potential energy

引用本文:

潘一山1，2，高学鹏1. 圆形硐室岩爆临界应力研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(6): 1363-1376.
PAN Yishan1, 2, GAO Xuepeng1. Study on critical stress of circular chamber rockburst. , 2025, 44(6): 1363-1376.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0965 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I6/1363

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