Abstract：To investigate the evolutionary characteristics of earth pressure and the synergistic deformation control mechanism of inclined pile-supported excavations during foundation pit excavation, eight large-scale model tests were conducted. The results demonstrate the following: (1) The inclined alternating pile system reconstructs the load transfer path through a spatial truss effect, significantly reducing pile head displacement, which decreases further as the pile inclination angle increases; (2) The inclination of piles induces a redistribution of the principal stress field, wherein the active earth pressure approaches the Rankine theoretical value, while the passive zone develops a new trapezoidal pressure pattern due to progressive failure; (3) The three-dimensional interaction of the inclined alternating piles reduces the measured passive earth pressure to 34.42%-57.82% of the Rankine value. Additionally, the asymmetric stiffness of the structure delays the development of the plastic zone; (4) As excavation depth increases, earth pressure evolves from elastic adjustment to limit equilibrium. Under combined compression and bending, the piles exhibit elastic bending responses, and the deformation of the soil behind the wall is non-uniformly distributed, leading to larger deformations required to reach active and passive limit states compared to rigid retaining walls. These findings reveal the evolution mechanism of earth pressure and the deformation regulation effect of inclined pile-supported systems, providing experimental evidence and a theoretical reference for optimizing the design and safety evaluation of deep excavation support structures with inclined piles.
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2026, Vol. 45 
