Abstract：To enhance the design methodology for reinforced soil retaining walls, this study proposes a performance-based design framework and methodology for rigid facing reinforced soil retaining walls, guided by the functional requirements of railway subgrades and informed by the three-level seismic fortification philosophy employed in building seismic design. This framework aims to meet the millimeter-scale deformation control requirements of high-speed railways. The findings reveal that: (1) a multi-level performance requirement system encompassing safety, serviceability, and repairability has been established, with clearly defined performance indicators and verification items. Performance verification methods aligned with these requirements have been developed, and strength-based control criteria have been introduced to ensure collapse prevention during rare earthquakes. (2) Graded control limits for structural settlement, which are directly related to train operating speed, have been established. A method for calculating the strain and tensile force of individual reinforcement layers based on facing deformation has been developed, leading to a coordinated multi-parameter verification mechanism centered on surface settlement that integrates facing internal forces and reinforcement behavior. This approach marks a fundamental shift in the design of reinforced soil retaining walls from a singular focus on strength-based control to a coordinated approach addressing multiple performance objectives. (3) The design tensile strength of reinforcement specified in the Chinese code is significantly lower than that in the Japanese code, resulting in more stringent requirements for reinforcement length and a conservative design approach. Calculation examples demonstrate that the Chinese method necessitates a 50% increase in reinforcement length and a 62.5% increase in reinforcement strength. It is recommended that the Japanese design methodology and relevant correlation coefficients be considered when determining the design tensile strength of reinforcement to enhance design economy. (4) Backfill cohesion is a key parameter influencing structural stability. Calculations indicate that increasing the cohesion from 0 to 20 kPa can enhance the sliding and overturning stability coefficients (K) by approximately 200%. It is advised that this beneficial effect be appropriately considered in practical design to achieve a balance between safety and economy. This study offers systematic theoretical and methodological support for the safe implementation of rigid facing reinforced soil retaining walls in high-seismic-intensity regions of China for high-speed railways.
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2026, Vol. 45 
