Development and application of non-uniform loading experimental system of cantilever rock mass
SHEN Wenlong1, 2*, SHI Huicong1, GUO Wenbing1, 2, CHEN Ziqiang1, WANG Meng1, 2, MENG Ningkang1, 2, XIAO Tongqiang1, 2, BAI Jianbiao3, LI Zhenfeng1, 2, REN Wangsheng1
(1. School of Energy Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, China; 2. Collaborative Innovative Center of Coal Safety Production in Henan Province, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, China; 3. School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China)
Abstract：Based on the stress characteristics, geometric shape, and deformation behavior of cantilever rock masses in the goaf of longwall working faces, an independently developed non-uniform loading experimental system for cantilever rock masses has been established. This experimental system comprises a main frame, a non-uniform loading device, a variable-sized controllable pressure airbag, a uniform pressure variable angle loading system, a hydraulic power system, and a data acquisition system. It enables uniform pressure confining pressure variable angle loading, non-uniform pressure variable rate loading, and non-uniform pressure controllable constant pressure loading for large-sized cantilever rock mass samples. The system simulates the extrusion of adjacent fractured rock blocks in the goaf of longwall working faces, accounting for upper non-uniform loading and the residual bearing capacity of the lower foundation. The effects of sidewall inclination angle, confining pressure strength, non-uniform loading coefficient, and non-uniform support coefficient on the fracture characteristic parameters (peak load, peak displacement, and elastic deformation energy) of the cantilever rock mass are analyzed. Test results indicate that as the sidewall inclination angle increases, the peak load, peak displacement, and elastic deformation energy of the cantilever rock mass exhibit an asymmetric “W”, “V” and “U” type change trend. With increasing confining pressure strength, all three parameters show a pattern of slow increase followed by rapid increase. As the non-uniform loading coefficient increases, these parameters display an asymmetric “M” type change trend. Moreover, with an increase in the non-uniform support coefficient, the parameters show an asymmetric “Λ” pattern, initially increasing and then decreasing. The sensitivity of the factors affecting the elastic deformation energy accumulated prior to the fracture of the sample is ranked as follows: confining pressure strength＞non-uniform support coefficient＞sidewall inclination angle＞non-uniform loading coefficient. These test results validate the reliability of the experimental system and provide a method for studying the fracture behavior of cantilever rock masses in goaf.
神文龙1，2*，史慧聪1，郭文兵1，2，陈自强1，王 猛1，2，孟宁康1，2，肖同强1，2，柏建彪3，李振峰1，2，任旺盛1. 悬臂岩体非均布加载试验系统研制及应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2026, 45(10): 3113-3129.
SHEN Wenlong1, 2*, SHI Huicong1, GUO Wenbing1, 2, CHEN Ziqiang1, WANG Meng1, 2, MENG Ningkang1, 2, XIAO Tongqiang1, 2, BAI Jianbiao3, LI Zhenfeng1, 2, REN Wangsheng1. Development and application of non-uniform loading experimental system of cantilever rock mass. , 2026, 45(10): 3113-3129.
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