不连续和宽级配粗粒土应力折减系数的理论计算公式及其在渗透侵蚀判识中的应用

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.1006

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摘要当土处于内部不稳定状态时，其粗、细粒承受应力是不均匀的，该现象在不连续和宽级配粗粒土中尤为显著。因此，在预测上述粗粒土渗透侵蚀发生的临界水力坡降时，需合理估算应力折减系数。为此，以内部不稳定的不连续和宽级配粗粒土为研究对象，首先，假定其内部粗粒集合体孔隙内易流失细粒传递的有效应力为0，推得其应力折减系数关于孔隙率和易流失细粒含量的理论计算公式。其次，在常水头条件下，开展不同级配类型粗粒土柱的向上渗透试验，并结合现有文献所述土柱试验数据，验证该公式的合理性。对比分析表明：当不连续和宽级配粗粒土的易流失细粒含量为6%～20%且孔隙率为0.25～0.55时，采用该公式预测的临界水力坡降吻合度较现有公式有显著改进。最后，采用该公式改进临界水力坡降与荷载的现有关系式。基于现有文献所述粗粒土在静态和循环加载条件下的试验数据，验证改进公式在预测临界水力坡降随平均竖向有效应力变化规律时的有效性。该计算公式为提升不连续和宽级配粗粒土渗透侵蚀发生的判识可靠程度提供了理论途径。

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	张昭1
	2*
	郑弘林1
	马浩3
	张钊4
	张远傲1

关键词 ：土力学, 不连续和宽级配粗粒土, 应力折减系数, 临界水力坡降, 渗透侵蚀

Abstract：The stress distribution between coarse and fine fractions is nonuniform in internally unstable soils, particularly in gap-graded and widely graded soils. Therefore, accurately estimating the stress reduction coefficient is essential for predicting the critical hydraulic gradient at which internal erosion initiates. For internally unstable coarse-grained soils with gap-graded and widely graded particle-size distributions, the erodible fine particles within the pores of the coarse-grain skeleton were initially assumed to carry no effective stress. Based on this assumption, a theoretical equation was derived to express the stress reduction coefficient as a function of porosity and erodible fine-particle content. In addition, constant-head upward seepage tests were conducted on coarse-grained soils with different gradations. The proposed equation was validated against the experimental results, including previously published data. The results demonstrate that the proposed equation provides more accurate predictions of the critical hydraulic gradient than previously published equations. It is applicable to gap-graded and widely graded coarse-grained soils with erodible fine-particle contents of 6%–20% and porosities of 0.25–0.55. Finally, the proposed equation was used to improve a previously published model describing the evolution of the critical hydraulic gradient under loading. The improved model effectively describes the evolution of both the critical hydraulic gradient and the average vertical effective stress under static and cyclic loading conditions, as demonstrated by previously published test data for coarse-grained soils. The proposed equation provides a theoretical basis for improving the reliability of seepage-erosion assessment in gap-graded and widely graded coarse-grained soils.

Key words： soil mechanics gap and widely graded coarse-grained soils stress reduction coefficient critical hydraulic gradient seepage erosion

引用本文:

张昭1，2*，郑弘林1，马浩3，张钊4，张远傲1. 不连续和宽级配粗粒土应力折减系数的理论计算公式及其在渗透侵蚀判识中的应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2026, 45(11): 3441-3455.
ZHANG Zhao1, 2*, ZHENG Honglin1, MA Hao3, ZHANG Zhao4, ZHANG Yuan?ao1. Theoretical equation to calculate stress reduction coefficient of gap and widely graded coarse-grained soils and their application in identifying seepage erosion. , 2026, 45(11): 3441-3455.

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https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.1006 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2026/V45/I11/3441

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