坝基岩体渗流–溶蚀演化及突破时间的缩放规律

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2026.0045

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摘要可溶岩坝基中渗流–溶蚀耦合作用是制约高坝长期防渗安全的关键因素。在构造应力与岩溶作用共同影响下，坝基中往往发育非均质性的裂隙网络，其演化过程直接控制渗漏通道的形成与贯通。现有离散裂隙网络渗流–溶蚀模拟研究多忽略地应力对裂隙初始开度分布的影响，难以真实反映坝基条件下溶蚀通道的演化特征。基于Bandis裂隙变形模型与二维深度平均渗流–溶蚀模型，构建一种同时考虑应力控制初始裂隙开度分布、湍流流动机制及非线性反应动力学的离散裂隙网络渗流–溶蚀数值模拟方法。通过大量数值模拟分析，阐明应力控制初始开度分布条件下溶蚀通道的演化路径与渗漏量增长特征，定量分析水头、防渗铺盖宽度和防渗帷幕深度等关键参数对坝基渗漏过程及溶蚀通道突破时间的影响规律。在此基础上，进一步提出适用于应力控制初始开度分布条件的溶蚀通道突破时间缩放定律。研究结果表明：考虑应力作用后，裂隙平均开度随埋深减小，溶蚀通道更易沿浅部或防渗结构附近发育，突破时间显著缩短；降低上游水头、增加防渗铺盖宽度及加深防渗帷幕深度均可有效延缓溶蚀通道贯通，其中防渗帷幕深度的控制作用最为显著。该研究为可溶岩坝基渗漏风险的定量评估及防渗体系优化设计提供了理论依据与方法支撑。

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	李凯1
	2
	胡冉1
	2*
	陈益峰1
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	周创兵1
	2
	3

关键词 ：岩石力学, 可溶岩坝基, 离散裂隙网络, 溶蚀通道, 渗漏量演化, 突破时间

Abstract：Flow-dissolution coupling in soluble-rock dam foundations is a key factor governing the long-term seepage-control performance of high dams. Under the combined effects of tectonic stress and karstification, heterogeneous fracture networks commonly develop within dam foundations, and their evolution directly controls the formation and breakthrough of leakage pathways. Most existing discrete fracture network (DFN) flow-dissolution simulations neglect the influence of in situ stress on the initial distribution of fracture apertures, limiting their ability to realistically capture the evolution of dissolution channels under dam-foundation conditions. In this study, a DFN-based flow-dissolution numerical model is developed by coupling the Bandis fracture deformation model with a two-dimensional depth-averaged flow-dissolution framework. The model simultaneously considers stress-controlled initial fracture apertures, turbulent flow, and nonlinear reaction kinetics. Extensive numerical simulations are conducted to elucidate the evolution of dissolution channels and the associated growth of leakage under stress-controlled aperture conditions. The effects of hydraulic head, impermeable apron width, and grouting-curtain depth on seepage evolution in the dam foundation and the breakthrough time of dissolution channels are quantitatively investigated. On this basis, a scaling law for the breakthrough time of dissolution channels under stress-controlled aperture conditions is proposed. The results indicate that, when stress effects are considered, the mean fracture aperture decreases with depth, causing dissolution channels to preferentially develop in shallow zones or near seepage-control structures, thereby significantly shortening their breakthrough time. Reducing the upstream hydraulic head, increasing the impermeable apron width, and deepening the grouting curtain can effectively delay dissolution-channel breakthrough, with grouting-curtain depth exerting the most dominant influence. This study provides a theoretical basis and methodological support for quantitatively assessing seepage risks and optimizing seepage-control systems in soluble-rock dam foundations.

Key words： rock mechanics soluble rock dam foundations discrete fracture network dissolution channels leakage evolution breakthrough time

引用本文:

李凯1，2，胡冉1，2*，陈益峰1，2，周创兵1，2，3. 坝基岩体渗流–溶蚀演化及突破时间的缩放规律[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2026, 45(11): 3294-3306.
LI Kai1, 2, HU Ran1, 2*, CHEN Yifeng1, 2, ZHOU Chuangbing1, 2, 3. Evolution of dissolution channels in soluble rock dam foundations and scaling law for breakthrough time. , 2026, 45(11): 3294-3306.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2026.0045 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2026/V45/I11/3294

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