Abstract:In this paper,a novel technology of the vertical steel floral tube micropiles with twice grouting was proposed,and,based on large-scale model tank tests,the slope soil pressure,horizontal bearing capacity and flexural performance of the micropile were investigated in cases of no pile,a single pile with traditional one grouting,a single pile with twice grouting and three piles with twice grouting. The experimental results show that the fracturing pressure of the twice grouting is directly related to the interval time between the first grouting and the secondary grouting. The longer the interval time,the greater the fracturing pressure is. Compared with traditional one grouting,the horizontal bearing capacity of the twice grouting floral tube micropile increases by 24.42%. Compared with the 3-fold value of the horizontal sliding resistance,the horizontal bearing capacity of the structure with three micropiles is 20.25% higher. The force bearing point of the micropile against the landslide thrust moves down due to twice grouting,which improves the action mode of the landslide thrust. Test results show that the ultimate bending moment and bending resistance capacity of a single pile respectively increase by 12.8 kN•m and 96.2% with twice grouting. The technology significantly improves the horizontal bearing capacity of the steel floral tube micropile,enhances the soil reinforcement performance between piles and increases the shear capacity and flexural capacity of the micropile compared with the original technology.
[1] ARMOUR T. Mircropile design and construction guidelines implementation manual priority technologies(PTP) project[R]. [ S. l.]:[s. n.],2000.
[2] MEYERHOF G G,SASTRY V,YALCIN A S. Lateral resistance and deflection of flexible piles[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1988,25(3):511–522.
[3] CANTONI R,COLLOTTA T,GHIONNA V N,et al. A design method for reticulated micropile structures in sliding slopes[J]. Ground Engineering,1989,22(4):41–47.
[4] AWAD D R M. Lateral load tests on mini-piles[J]. Islamic University Journal,1999,7(1):15–33.
[5] JENSEN W G. Anchored geo-support systems for landslide stabilization[Ph. D. Thesis][D]. Wyoming,USA:University of Wyoming,2001.
[6] THOMPSON M J,WHITE D J. Design of slope reinforcement with small–diameter piles[M]. [S. l.]:[s. n.],2006:67–73.
[7] MOKWA R L,DUNCAN J M. Laterally loaded pile group effects and p-y multipliers[C]// Geotechnical Special Publication No.113–Foundations and Ground Improvement. [S. l.]:[s. n.],2001:728–742.
[8] LEE S J. Behavior of a single micropile in sand under cyclic loads[Ph. D. Thesis][D]. Illinois,Urbana:University of Illinois,2004.
[9] BENSLIMANE A. Dynamic behavior of micropiles systems subjected to sinusoidal ground motion[Ph. D. Thesis][D]. Hong Kong:Polytechnic University,2000.
[10] Japanese Association of High Capacity Micropiles. Design and execution manual for seismic retrofitting of existing pile foundation with high capacity micropiles[R]. Japan:Public Works Research Institute,2002.
[11] AWAD D R M. Lateral load tests on mini–piles[J]. Islamic University Journal,1999,7(1):15–33.
[12] RICHARDS J,ROTHBAUER M J. Lateral loads on pin piles (micropiles)[J]. Geotechnical Special Publication,2004,1(7):158–174.
[13] BALL R,MENEZES G,MANIACI M,et al. Results of lateral load tests on micropiles[C]// Geosupport Conference:Innovation and Cooperation in the Geo-Industry. Orlando,USA:[s. n.],2004:122–133.
[14] YALCIN A S,MEYERHOF G G. The effect of installation on the ultimate resistance of rigid piles under inclined loads in layered sand[J]. Soils and Foundations,2008,30(3):37–52.
[15] KIM S H,CHOI J,LEE J M,et al. Improved load carrying behavior of perfobond rib-installed partially expanded micropiles[J]. Geotechnical Testing Journal,2016,39(4):633–647.
[16] YIN P,HE W,YANG Z J. A simplified nonlinear method for a laterally loaded pile in sloping ground[J]. Advances in Civil Engineering,2018,DOI:10.1155/2018/5438618.
[17] KAHRIBT M A,ABBAS J M. Lateral response of a single pile under combined axial and lateral cyclic loading in sandy soil[J]. Civil Engineering Journal,2018,4(9):1 996–2 010.
[18] DAN A B,SHIE C F. Numerical experiments into group effects on the response of piles to lateral loading[J]. Computers and Geotechnics,1990,10(3):211–230.
[19] ROLLINS K M,JOHNSON S R,PETERSEN K T,et al. Static and dynamic lateral load behavior of pile groups based on full–scale testing[C]// Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Offshore and Polar Drilling. Honolulu,Hawaii,USA:[s. n.],2003:506–513.
[20] ROLLINS K M,OLSEN K G,JENSEN D H,et al. Pile spacing effects on lateral pile group behavior:analysis[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2006,132(10):272–283.
[21] ZHOU J J,GONG X N,WANG K H,et al. Testing and modeling the behavior of pre-bored grouting planted piles under compression and tension[J]. Acta Geotechnical,2017,12(5):61–75.
[22] 施 颖,王 浩,朱益军,等. 微型桩设计参数对土坡稳定影响的三维数值分析[J]. 浙江工业大学学报,2017,45(3):249–252.(SHI Yi,WANG Hao,ZHU Yijun,et al. Three-dimensional numerical analysis for the effect of micropile parameters on the stability of slopes[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University of Technology,2017,45(3):249–252.(in Chinese))
[23] DU G,WANG A,LI L,et al. Calculation approach for lateral bearing capacity of single precast concrete piles with improved soil surrounds[J]. Advances in Civil Engineering,2018,DOI:10.1155/ 2018/5127927.
[24] ZHU B L,WU X F. Engineering application on steel-tube bored grouting anti-sliding retaining wall in the treatment of landslide[J]. Advanced Materials Research,2011,261:1 872–1 876.
[25] 李连祥,王春华,周婷婷,等. 微型桩与帷幕的不同位置对复合土钉墙力学性状的影响分析[J]. 岩土力学,2015,36(增1):501–505.(LI Lianxiang,WANG Chunhua,ZHOU Tingting,et al. Impact of position of micropile on mechanical behaviors of composite soil nailing wall curtain[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(Supp.1):501–505.(in Chinese))
[26] 张智超,陈育民. 微型桩–加筋土挡墙的模型试验和数值模拟分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(4):987–996.(ZHANG Zhichao,CHEN Yuming. Model test and numerical analysis of micropile-MSE wall[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(4):987–996.(in Chinese))