Experimental study on formation mechanism of bedding rock landslide
ZHANG Ke1，2，DI Wei1，ZHANG Kai2
(1. Faculty of Electric Power Engineering，Kunming University of Science and Technology，Kunming，Yunnan 650500，China；
2. Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics，Kunming University of Science and Technology，Kunming，Yunnan 650500，China)
Abstract：The main focus and challenge of landslide research is always the formation mechanism of bedding rock landslides. An ideal generalized model was created to investigate the progression and instability mechanism of bedding rock landslides. In addition to using the digital image correlation(DIC) approach，a freezing experiment was conducted for non-contact and real-time deformation observation throughout the experiment for the entire process of a bedding rock landslide. A method was proposed to finely describe the relative displacement evolution of the opening section of side slope rear edge and the shear slide section of the bedding rock landslide, based on the full-field deformation data derived by DIC. The findings indicate that there are four stages in the instability process that the bedding rock landslide goes through：early deformation, rear edge opening，shear sliding and overall instability. Prior to reaching the rear edge of the possible sliding zone，the strain localization band is initially produced at the shallow area of the rear edge opening section and subsequently proceeds to the deeper part. Following that，they keep going in the direction of the sliding zone?s front edge，finally passing through it and reaching the failure of overall instability. These occurrences demonstrate the characteristics of progression from shallow to deep，from the rear edge to the front edge and from local to global. Furthermore, the impact of the sliding zone dip angle on the instability of bedding rock side slope was investigated，and it was found that an increase in the sliding zone dip angle shortens the instability time. The research methodology based on DIC monitoring provides a new way to revealing the progression mechanism of bedding rock landslides through quantitative means.
[1] 陈 杨，邓李政，黄丽达，等. 基于声发射监测的滑坡过程预警模型[J]. 清华大学学报：自然科学版，2022，62(6)：1 052–1 058. (CHEN Yang，DENG Lizheng，HUANG Lida，et al. Landslide early warning model based on acoustic emission monitoring[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University：Science and Technology，2022，62(6)：1 052– 1 058.(in Chinese))
[2] 王 进，郭 靖，王卫东，等. 权重线性组合与逻辑回归模型在滑坡易发性区划中的应用与比较[J]. 中南大学学报：自然科学版，2012，43(5)：1 932–1 939.(WANG Jin，GUO Jing，WANG Weidong，et al. Application and comparison of weighted linear combination model and logistic regression model in landslide susceptibility mapping[J]. Journal of Central South University：Science and Technology，2012，43(5)：1 932–1 939.(in Chinese))
[3] 黄润秋. 20世纪以来中国的大型滑坡及其发生机制[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2007，26(3)：433–454.(HUANG Runqiu. Large-scale landslides and their sliding mechanism in China since the 20th century[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2007，26(3)：433–454.(in Chinese))
[4] 郭长宝，闫怡秋，张永双，等. 青藏高原大型深层蠕滑型滑坡变形机制研究进展与展望[J]. 地球科学，2022，47(10)：3 677–3 700. (GUO Changbao，YAN Yiqiu，ZHANG Yongshuang，et al. Research progress and prospect of failure mechanism of large deep-seated creeping landslides in Tibetan Plateau，China[J]. Earth Science，2022，47(10)：3 677–3 700.(in Chinese))
[5] YIN Y P，SUN P，ZHANG M，et al. Mechanism on apparent dip sliding of oblique inclined bedding rockslide at Jiweishan，Chongqing，China[J]. Landslides，2011，8(1)：49–65.
[6] 冯 振，殷跃平，李 滨，等. 斜倾厚层岩质滑坡视向滑动的土工离心模型试验[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2012，31(5)：890–897. (FENG Zhen，YIN Yueping，LI Bin，et al. Centrifuge modeling of apparent dip slide from oblique thick bedding rock landslide[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2012，31(5)：890–897.(in Chinese))
[7] 邹宗兴，唐辉明，熊承仁，等. 大型顺层岩质滑坡渐进破坏地质力学模型与稳定性分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2012，31(11)： 2 222–2 231.(ZOU Zongxing，TANG Huiming，XIONG Chengren，et al. Geomechanical model of progressive failure for large consequent bedding rockslide and its stability analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2012，31(11)：2 222–2 231.(in Chinese))
[8] TANG J X，DAI Z Y，WANG Y L，et al. Fracture failure of consequent bedding rock slopes after underground mining in mountainous area[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2019，52(8)：2 853–2 870.
[9] ZHAO L H，LI D J，TAN H H，et al. Characteristics of failure area and failure mechanism of a bedding rockslide in Libo County，Guizhou，China[J]. Landslides，2019，16(7)：1 367–1 374.
[10] TAO T W，SHI W B，LIANG F，et al. Failure mechanism and evolution of the Jinhaihu landslide in Bijie City，China，on January 3，2022[J]. Landslides，2022，19(11)：2 727–2 736.
[11] 龙建辉，任 杰，曾凡桂，等. 双软弱夹层岩质滑坡的滑动模式及变形规律[J]. 煤炭学报，2019，44(10)：3 031–3 040.(LONG Jianhui，REN Jie，ZENG Fangui，et al. Sliding mode and deformation law of double weak interlayer rock landslide[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2019，44(10)：3 031–3 040.(in Chinese))
[12] 龙建辉，赵邦强，李 坤. 顺层岩质边坡多级滑动模式及成因机制分析[J]. 中国矿业大学学报，2016，45(6)：1 156–1 163.(LONG Jianhui，ZHAO Bangqiang，LI Kun. Multistage sliding mode and formation mechanism of bedding rock slope[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology，2016，45(6)：1 156–1 163.(in Chinese))
[13] 杜梦萍，潘鹏志，纪维伟，等. 炭质页岩巴西劈裂载荷下破坏过程的时空特征研究[J]. 岩土力学，2016，37(12)：3 437–3 446.(DU Mengping，PAN Pengzhi，JI Weiwei，et al. Time-space laws of failure process of carbonaceous shale in Brazilian split test[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2016，37(12)：3 437–3 446.(in Chinese))
[14] 汪文勇，高明忠，张朝鹏，等. 基于DIC技术的预裂煤岩体裂隙演化特性研究[J]. 煤炭科学技术，2018，46(3)：73–79.(WANG Wenyong，GAO Mingzhong，ZHANG Zhaopeng，et al. Study on cracking evolution characteristics of pre-fractured coal and rock mass based on DIC technology[J]. Coal Science and Technology，2018，46(3)：73–79.(in Chinese))
[15] 齐飞飞，张 科，谢建斌. 基于DIC技术的含不同节理密度类岩石试件破裂机制研究[J]. 岩土力学，2021，42(6)：1 669–1 680.(QI Feifei，ZHANG Ke，XIE Jianbin. Fracturing mechanism of rock-like specimens with different joint densities based on DIC technology[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2021，42(6)：1 669–1 680.(in Chinese))
[16] 杜 岩，谢谟文，蒋宇静，等. 应用激光多普勒测振仪的岩块体累计损伤评价试验研究[J]. 工程科学学报，2017，39(1)：141–146.(DU Yan，XIE Mowen，JIANG Yujing，et al. Experimental study on cumulative damage assessment of rock-block using a laser Doppler vibrometer[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering，2017，39(1)：141–146.(in Chinese))
[17] DU Y，LU Y D，XIE M W，et al. A new attempt for early warning of unstable rocks based on vibration parameters[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment，2020，79(8)：4 363– 4 368.
[18] 霍磊晨，杜 岩，谢谟文，等. 基于时频域动力学参量的危岩体识别方法[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2021，40(增2)：3 156–3 162. (HUO Leichen，DU Yan，XIE Mowen，et al. Unstable rock mass identification method based on time and frequency domain dynamic parameters[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2021，40(Supp.2)：3 156–3 162.(in Chinese))
[19] 任光明，夏 敏，李 果，等. 陡倾顺层岩质斜坡倾倒变形破坏特征研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2009，28(增1)：3 193–3 200. (REN Guangming，XIA Min，LI Guo，et al. Study on toppling deformation and failure characteristics of steep bedding rock slopes[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2009，28(Supp.1)：3 193–3 200.(in Chinese))
[20] ALEJANO L R，MURALHA J，ULUSAY R，et al. ISRM suggested method for determining the basic friction angle of planar rock surfaces by means of tilt tests[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2018，51(12)：3 853–3 859.
[21] 张 科，蔡晨曦，张 凯，等. 饱水裂隙砂岩力学及前兆异常特征量化分析[J]. 煤炭学报，2021，46(增1)：200–210.(ZHANG Ke，CAI Chenxi，ZHANG Kai，et al. Quantitative analysis on mechanical and precursory anomaly properties of water-saturated sandstone containing a flaw[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2021，46(Supp.1)：200–210.(in Chinese))
[22] 张 科，张 凯. 裂隙砂岩变形破裂过程中应变场灰度及纹理特征分析[J]. 煤炭学报，2021，46(4)：1 253–1 262.(ZHANG Ke，ZHANG Kai. Gray and texture features of strain field for fractured sandstone during failure process[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2021，46(4)：1 253–1 262.(in Chinese))
[23] TANG H M，ZOU Z X，XIONG C R. An evolution model of large consequent bedding rockslides，with particular reference to the Jiweishan rockslide in Southwest China[J]. Engineering Geology，2015，186(1)：17–27．
[24] 董秀军，许 强，唐 川，等. 滑坡位移–时间曲线特征的物理模拟试验研究[J]. 工程地质学报，2015，23(3)：401–407.(DONG Xiujun，XU Qiang，TANG Chu?an，et al. Characteristics of landslide dispalcement-time curve by physical simulation experiment[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology，2015，23(3)：401–407.(in Chinese))
2024, Vol. 43 
