Seismic damage characteristics of cable-anchored anti-dip rock slopes based on energy analysis
WANG Runqing1, ZHENG Yun2*, CHEN Congxin2, YONG Rui1
(1. Institute of Rock Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China)
Abstract：The reinforcement of anti-dip rock slopes under seismic waves is an urgent issue that requires attention. Shaking table tests were conducted on anti-dip rock slopes, both with and without anchor cables. The deformation and failure patterns of the slopes were analyzed. The Hilbert-Huang Transform(HHT) time-frequency analysis method was utilized to investigate the seismic damage characteristics of the slopes, while the dynamic response of cable axial forces was examined. The results indicate that the deformation and failure of cable-anchored anti-dip rock slopes under seismic action occur in four distinct stages: elastic deformation, crack initiation, fracture surface development, and failure. The inclusion of cable reinforcement significantly enhances the dynamic stability of anti-dip rock slopes. The critical seismic wave amplitude for slope instability increased from 0.9 g to 1.3 g following reinforcement, resulting in an overall stability increase of approximately 44.4%. The Hilbert spectrum and Hilbert marginal spectrum reveal that anchor cables effectively absorb seismic energy and reduce dynamic response. Prior to seismic damage in cable-anchored anti-dip rock slopes, the seismic energy is relatively small and concentrated in the low-frequency range of 15–22 Hz. After seismic damage occurs, the seismic energy across the entire slope increases abruptly, and due to crack development in the upper damaged area, the seismic energy shifts to higher frequencies (39–42 Hz). Compared to unreinforced anti-dip rock slopes, the seismic damage in cable-anchored slopes is characterized by abruptness. As the seismic damage intensifies, the anchoring effectiveness of prestressed cables in the upper part of the slope diminishes, while their effectiveness in the middle and lower sections correspondingly strengthens. When designing seismic support for anti-dip rock slopes, it is essential to consider the influence of cable reinforcement on the potential failure surface locations. These research findings can serve as a reference for the stability evaluation and support design of cable-anchored rock slopes in high-intensity seismic regions.
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2026, Vol. 45 
