不同剪切边界条件下多尺度岩石结构面剪切力学特性研究

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0998

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摘要为揭示不同剪切边界条件下岩石结构面剪切力学特性及其尺寸效应机制，基于颗粒流数值方法，构建具有相同粗糙形貌特征的多尺度岩石结构面模型，系统对比分析传统直剪边界条件（单侧剪切加载边界）与全周边剪切加载边界条件下不同长高比试样的剪切强度和变形特征、裂纹演化及应力场分布规律。研究结果表明：在单侧剪切加载边界条件下，随着结构面尺寸的增加，峰前剪切刚度和剪切强度均呈现持续降低的趋势。结构面剪切变形和裂纹演化表现出显著的尺寸效应，其本质源于剪切变形与应力沿结构面长度方向的非均匀传递；而在周边剪切加载边界条件下，结构面整体同步受剪，剪切刚度、峰值强度及裂纹密度对尺寸变化不敏感，尺寸效应显著减弱。细观分析结果表明，全周边剪切加载边界可有效削弱局部应力集中，使裂纹沿结构面均匀发育，剪切破坏以整体磨损机制为主。研究结果揭示了剪切加载方式对岩石结构面力学行为与尺寸效应的控制机制，指出传统直剪试验在表征地震或整体滑移工况下结构面剪切特性时可能存在的偏差，为岩体结构面抗剪参数合理取值及地震工程稳定性评价提供了新的理论依据。

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	谷邱鑫1
	2
	张强1
	2*
	张凯1
	2
	叶思哲1
	2
	韩贵雷1
	3

关键词 ：岩石力学, 剪切边界条件, 尺寸效应, 剪切力学特性, 颗粒流数值模拟

Abstract：To elucidate the shear mechanical behavior of rock structural surfaces under different shear boundary conditions and the underlying mechanisms governing size effects, a multiscale rock structural-plane model with identical roughness morphology was developed using the particle flow method. A systematic comparative analysis was conducted of the shear strength and deformation characteristics, crack evolution, and stress-field distribution of specimens with different length-to-height ratios under conventional unilateral shear loading and fully surrounding shear-loading conditions. The results indicate that, under unilateral shear loading, both the pre-peak shear stiffness and shear strength decrease continuously with increasing structural-plane size. Shear deformation and crack evolution along the structural surface exhibit pronounced size effects, which primarily arise from the nonuniform transfer of shear deformation and stress along the surface. In contrast, under fully surrounding shear loading, the structural surface undergoes synchronized shear deformation as an integrated whole. Consequently, the shear stiffness, peak strength, and crack density are relatively insensitive to changes in specimen dimensions, resulting in substantially weaker size effects. Microscopic analysis further reveals that fully surrounding shear loading effectively alleviates localized stress concentrations and promotes the uniform propagation of cracks along the structural surface. Shear failure occurs predominantly through an overall wear mechanism. These findings clarify the mechanisms by which shear-loading conditions regulate the mechanical behavior and size effects of rock structural surfaces, while also highlighting the potential limitations of conventional direct shear tests for characterizing shear properties under seismic loading or large-scale sliding conditions. The results provide a new theoretical basis for the rational determination of shear-strength parameters for structural surfaces and the stability assessment of rock masses in seismic engineering.

Key words： rock mechanics shear boundary conditions size effect shear mechanical properties particle flow numerical simulation

引用本文:

谷邱鑫1，2，张强1，2*，张凯1，2，叶思哲1，2，韩贵雷1，3. 不同剪切边界条件下多尺度岩石结构面剪切力学特性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2026, 45(11): 3325-3339.
GU Qiuxin1, 2, ZHANG Qiang1, 2*, ZHANG Kai1, 2, YE Sizhe1, 2, HAN Guilei1, 3. Shear mechanics characteristics of multiscale rock structure faces under different shear boundary conditions. , 2026, 45(11): 3325-3339.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0998 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2026/V45/I11/3325

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