高地温隧道热害链生机制与风险防控II——致灾构造辨识与防控措施

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0323

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摘要在热害效应与孕育地质背景研究基础上，聚焦穿越地温异常区隧道热害防控难题，为突破传统单一工程处置的技术局限，基于“孕灾模式解析–致灾构造辨识–过程风险评估–控制措施干预”的防控思路，构建从灾源识别到控制措施的全新技术体系。首先，分析隧道热害孕育地质条件、灾变动力机制及灾变征兆等特征，提出对流型、传导型、弥散型以及弥散–传导复合型4种孕灾模式。其次，针对区域尺度地热地质特征决定灾源规模，建立基于区域地温场特征、地质–地热偶联关系的区域尺度致灾构造辨识技术，助力适宜“低温走廊”的遴选。再次，针对隧址尺度致灾构造决定灾变位置的规律，提出勘察设计阶段地球化学示踪、综合物探与钻探等地质–地热协同勘察技术和热害风险静态评估方法，实现隧道“热补给、热区段、热现象”等热聚敛特征的初步辨识和热风险静态评估。随后，针对潜在高温区段，提出施工阶段钻孔岩温、水化学特征、气体类别与浓度等多相热参量跟踪监测技术与热风险动态评估方法，实现隧道高地温区段“热程度、热规模、热等级”等热聚敛特征的超前靶向辨识和热风险动态评估。最后，针对不同类型热害效应，提出通风、湿热调控、抗热、围岩加固、混凝土复合改性等多维控灾技术，形成“热源阻断–环境调控–结构防护”三位一体的协同防控策略。同时，还对地温异常隧道热害未来研究趋势进行了展望。研究成果为隧道热害防控提供了全新技术体系，对隧道安全施工具有重要的指导意义。

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	张世殊*

关键词 ：隧道工程, 高地温, 孕灾模式, 致灾构造, 风险评估, 防控措施

Abstract：Building upon research into the effects of thermal disasters and their geological genesis, this study addresses the prevention of thermal disasters in tunnels located within geothermal anomaly zones. To overcome the limitations of conventional single-approach engineering solutions, a novel technical framework was developed, encompassing disaster source identification and control measures. This framework is guided by the methodology of “disaster-pregnant mode analysis, hazard-causing structure identification, process risk assessment, and control intervention.” First, the geological conditions, disaster dynamics, and precursor characteristics of tunnel thermal disasters were analyzed, leading to the identification of four disaster-pregnant modes: convective, conductive, diffuse, and diffuse-conductive composite. Second, recognizing that regional-scale geothermal features dictate the magnitude of hazards, regional-scale hazard structure identification techniques were established through regional geothermal field analysis and geological-geothermal coupling relationships, facilitating the optimal selection of low-temperature corridors. Third, acknowledging that tunnel-scale hazard structures determine disaster locations, collaborative geological-geothermal investigation techniques that integrate geochemical tracing, comprehensive geophysical exploration, and drilling were proposed for the survey-design phase. This approach enabled static risk assessments through the preliminary identification of thermal convergence features, including thermal recharge, high-temperature sections, and thermal phenomena. Fourth, to target potential high-temperature zones, construction-phase multiparameter tracking techniques were introduced to monitor borehole rock temperature, hydrochemical characteristics, and gas composition/concentration. These techniques supported dynamic risk assessments and enhanced the targeted identification of thermal convergence characteristics such as thermal intensity, scale, and severity in high-geothermal sections. Finally, multidimensional control technologies were formulated to address various thermal effects, encompassing ventilation, hygrothermal regulation, heat resistance measures, surrounding rock reinforcement, and concrete composite modification. This culminated in a tripartite synergistic prevention strategy that integrates heat source blocking, environmental control, and structural protection. Future research directions were also outlined. The established technical framework offers a novel system for thermal disaster prevention, providing guidance for safe tunnel construction.

Key words： tunnel engineering high geotemperature disaster-pregnant modes hazard-causing structure risk assessment prevention measures

引用本文:

张世殊*. 高地温隧道热害链生机制与风险防控II——致灾构造辨识与防控措施[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2026, 45(5): 1277-1303.
ZHANG Shishu*. Chain-generation mechanisms and risk control of thermal disasters in high geotemperature tunnels Ⅱ——Hazard structure identification and #br# prevention measures. , 2026, 45(5): 1277-1303.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0323 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2026/V45/I5/1277

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