Shear performance of negative Poisson?s ratio bolt-anchored rock joints under dynamic cyclic shear loading
REN Shulin1, 2, HE Manchao2, TAO Zhigang2*, YIN Qian3, CHEN Xi4, LIU Wei5
(1. College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Tunnel Engineering, Beijing 100083, China; 3. State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China; 4. Changjiang Survey, Planning, Design and Research Co., Ltd., Wuhan,
Hubei 430014, China; 5. China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China)
Abstract：Negative Poisson′s ratio (NPR) bolt steel is a novel high-strength, high-toughness anchor bolt material that has been independently developed. To investigate its dynamic cyclic shear resistance, shear tests were conducted on NPR bolt-anchored joints under cyclic dynamic loading. The effects of anchoring conditions, joint surface roughness, shear displacement amplitude (ua), and normal load on the dynamic cyclic shear performance were systematically analyzed. The results demonstrate that NPR anchor bolting significantly enhances the dynamic cyclic shear capacity of jointed rock masses. A smaller shear displacement amplitude (ua) leads to less mobilization of the bolt′s shear resistance and reduces frictional interlocking between joint surfaces, resulting in lower peak shear strength during the cyclic phase. As the cyclic shear displacement amplitude increases, the degradation effect of the bolt becomes more pronounced, heightening the likelihood of shear fracture. Under constant normal stiffness boundary conditions, the shear force-shear displacement curves exhibit significant plastic hardening characteristics across all phases, with an exception of a decline in the forward peak shear force (Ffp) at cycle numbers N = 1 to 2. In contrast, under constant normal load boundary conditions, the mechanical behavior exhibits plastic softening. A comparative study between traditional Q235 steel and NPR steel reveals that, under Q235 steel anchoring conditions, the peak shear resistance during the conventional shear phase increased by 62.21%, with fracture occurring at a shear displacement of 7.076 mm. In contrast, NPR anchor steel maintained high shear resistance throughout the test without fracturing, achieving a 140.90% increase in peak shear resistance, thereby demonstrating excellent resistance to dynamic cyclic shear loading.
[1] 何满潮，谢和平，彭苏萍，等. 深部开采岩体力学研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2005，24(16)：2 803–2 813.(HE Manchao，XIE Heping，PENG Suping，et al. Study on rock mechanics in deep mining engineering[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2005，24(16)：2 803–2 813.(in Chinese))
[2] 刘泉声，雷广峰，彭星新. 深部裂隙岩体锚固机制研究进展与思考[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2016，35(2)：312–332.(LIU Quansheng，LEI Guangfeng，PENG Xingxin. Advance and review on the anchoring mechanism in deep fractured rock mass[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2016，35(2)：312–332.(in Chinese))
[3] CUI P，GE Y G，LI S J，et al. Scientific challenges in disaster risk reduction for the Sichuan¬Xizang Railway[J]. Engineering Geology，2022，309：106837.
[4] 康红普. 我国煤矿巷道围岩控制技术发展70年及展望[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2021，40(1)：1–30.(KANG Hongpu. Seventy years development and prospects of strata control technologies for coal mine roadways in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2021，40(1)：1–30.(in Chinese))
[5] CHEN Y. Experimental study and stress analysis of rock bolt anchorage performance[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering，2014，6：428–437.
[6] YANG W D，LUO G Y，BO C J. Mechanical properties and reinforcement effect of jointed rock mass with pre-stressed bolt[J]. Journal of Central South University，2020，27(12)：3 513–3 530.
[7] 宋 洋，范 波，王贺平. 考虑法向应力与岩石强度的加锚节理岩体剪切力学模型研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2023，42(6)：1 325–1 335.(SONG Yang，FAN Bo，WANG Heping. Research on shear mechanics model of anchored-jointed rock mass considering normal stress and rock strength[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2023，42(6)：1 325–1 335.(in Chinese))
[8] LI C C. Field observations of rock bolts in high stress rock masses[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2010，43(4)：491–496.
[9] 刘才华，李育宗. 考虑横向抗剪效应的节理岩体全长黏结型锚杆锚固机制研究及进展[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2018，37(8)：1 856–1 872.(LIU Caihua，LI Yuzong. Research progress in bolting mechanism and theories of fully grouted bolts in jointed rock masses[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2018，37(8)：1 856–1 872.(in Chinese))
[10] REN S L，YANG F，HE M C，et al. Review and prospects of shear test of bolted rock joints[J]. Deep Underground Science and Engineering，2025，DOI：10.10021du92.70031
[11] BJURSTROM S. Shear strength of hard rock joints reinforced by grouted untensioned bolts[C]// Proceedings of the 3rd international congress on rock mechanics. Washington，DC：National Academy of Sciences，1974，2(Part B)：1 194–1 199.
[12] LIU C H，LI Y Z. Analytical study of the mechanical behavior of fully grouted bolts in bedding rock slopes[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2017，50(9)：2 413–2 423.
[13] LI Y Z，LIU C H. Experimental study on the shear behavior of fully grouted bolts[J]. Construction and Building Materials，2019，223：1 123–1 134.
[14] LIU H L，YANG G Y，GUO Y J，et al. Experimental study on the shear deformation characteristics and mechanical properties of bolted joints[J]. International Journal of Geomechanics，2022，23(1)：04022265.
[15] 王亮清，朱林锋，郑罗斌，等. 考虑节理粗糙度的锚固节理岩体剪切试验[J]. 中国公路学报，2021，34(6)：38–47.(WANG Liangqing，ZHU Linfeng，ZHENG Luobin，et al. Shear test of bolted joint rock mass considering joint roughness[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport，2021，34(6)：38–47.(in Chinese))
[16] WU X Z，JIANG Y J，LI B. Influence of joint roughness on the shear behaviour of fully encapsulated rock bolt[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2017，51：953–959.
[17] CHEN N，ZHANG X B，et al. Shear behavior of rough rock joints reinforced by bolts[J]. International Journal of Geomechanics，2018，18：04017130.
[18] JALALIFAR H，AZIZ N，HADI M. The effect of surface profile，rock strength and pretension load on bending behaviour of fully grouted bolts[J]. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering，2006，24(5)：1 203–1 227.
[19] HE M C，REN S L，GUO L J，et al. Experimental study on influence of host rock strength on shear performance of micro-NPR steel bolted rock joints[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2022，159：7 587–7 609.
[20] GRASSELLI G. 3D behavior of bolted rock joints：experimental and numerical study[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2005，42(1)：13–24.
[21] CHEN Y，LI CC. Performance of fully encapsulated rebar bolts and D-Bolts under combined pull-and-shear loading[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology，2015，45：99–106.
[22] LI X，AZIZ N，MIRZAGHORBANALI A，et al. Behavior of fiber glass bolts，rock bolts and cable bolts in shear[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2016，49(7)：2 723–2 735.
[23] WU X Z，JIANG Y J，WANG G，et al. Performance of a new yielding rock bolt under pull and shear loading conditions[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2019，52：3 401–3 412.
[24] HE M C，REN S L，XU H T，et al. Experimental study on the shear performance of quasi-NPR steel bolted rock joints[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering，2023，15(2)：350–362.
[25] ZHANG Y C，JIANG Y J，WANG Z，et al. Anchorage effect of bolt on en-echelon fractures：A comparison between energy-absorbing bolt and conventional rigid bolt[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis，2022，137：106256.
[26] 黄 曼，郭志炜，洪陈杰，等. 微观负泊松比锚杆锚固结构面峰前循环剪切疲劳损伤特性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2025，44(3)：543–556.(HUANG Man，GUO Zhiwei，HONG Chenjie，et al. Study on the pre-peak cyclic shear fatigue damage characteristics of 2G-NPR bolted rock joints[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2025，44(3)：543–556.(in Chinese))
[27] 韩观胜，陈志靖，李 博，等. 恒定法向刚度条件下吸能锚杆锚固节理岩体剪切特性试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2024，43(4)：999–1 012.(HAN Guansheng，CHEN Zhijing，LI Bo，et al. Experimental study on shear characteristics of energy-absorbing bolt anchored jointed rock mass under constant normal stiffness condition[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2024，43(4)：999–1 012.(in Chinese))
[28] 蒋宇静，张孙豪，栾恒杰，等. 恒定法向刚度边界条件下锚固节理岩体剪切特性试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2021，40(4)：663–675.(JIANG Yujing，ZHANG Sunhao，LUAN Hengjie，et al. Experimental study on shear characteristics of bolted rock joints under constant normal stiffness boundary conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2021，40(4)：663–675.(in Chinese))
[29] 葛修润，刘建武. 加锚节理面抗剪性能研究[J]. 岩土工程学报，1988，10(1)：8–19.(GE Xiurun，LIU Jianwu. Research on shear properties of anchored joint surfaces[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，1988，10(1)：8–19.(in Chinese))
[30] MIRZAGHORBANALI A，NEMCIK J，AZIZ N. Effects of cyclic loading on the shear behaviour of infilled rock joints under constant normal stiffness conditions[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2014，47(4)：1 373–1 391.
[31] 李海波，蒋会军，赵 坚，等. 动荷载作用下岩体工程安全的几个问题[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2003，22(11)：1 887–1 891.(LI Haibo，JIANG Huijun，ZHAO Jian，et al. Some problems about safety analysis of rock engineering under dynamic load[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2003，22(11)：1 887–1 891.(in Chinese))
[32] 尹 乾，何满潮，靖洪文，等. 循环动载边界下三维粗糙节理面剪切力学响应研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2024，43(5)：1 176–1 189. (YIN Qian，HE Manchao，JING Hongwen，et al. Study on shear mechanical responses of three-dimensional rough joint surfaces under cyclic dynamic load boundary conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2024，43(5)：1 176–1 189.(in Chinese))
[33] 叶思哲，张 强，李 涛，等. 循环荷载下粗糙节理剪切力学特性与剪切行程的关系研究[J]. 岩土工程学报，2025，47(8)：1 653–1 661. (YE Sizhe，ZHANG Qiang，LI Tao，et al. Relationship between shear mechanical characteristics of rough joints and shear displacement under cyclic loading[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2025，47(8)：1 653–1 661.(in Chinese))
[34] 肖晓春，徐政茂，樊玉峰，等. 吸能锚杆支护设备研究现状及展望[J]. 煤炭科学技术，2025，53(1)：54–64.(XIAO Xiaochun，XU Zhengmao，FAN Yufeng，et al. Research status and prospects of energy-absorbing anchor support equipment[J]. Coal Science and Technology，2025，53(1)：54–64.(in Chinese))
[35] 江 贝，王 琦，魏华勇，等. 地下工程吸能锚杆研究现状与展望[J]. 矿业科学学报，2021，6(5)：569–580.(JIANG Bei，WANG Qi，WEI Huayong，et al. Recent development and prospects of energy-absorbing bolt in underground engineering[J]. Journal of Mining Science and Technology，2021，6(5)：569–580.(in Chinese))
[36] HE M C，WANG Q，WU Q. Innovation and future of mining rock mechanics[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering，2021，13(9)：1–21.
[37] GU T Y，JIA L J，CHEN B，et al. Unified full-range plasticity till fracture of meta steel and structural steels[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics，2021，10：107869.
[38] TANG J，HE M C，QIAO Y F，et al. Tensile behavior of a novel high-strength and high-toughness steel at strain rates from 0.1 s－1 to 1000 s－1[J]. Construction and Building Materials，2021，304(12)：124606.
[39] 张 强，谷邱鑫，李 涛，等. 岩石节理双向动态循环剪切试验系统研制与应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2024，43(8)：1 870–1 882. (ZHANG Qiang，GU Qiuxin，LI Tao，et al. Development and application of bidirectional dynamic cyclic shear test system for rock joints[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2024，43(8)：1 870–1 882.(in Chinese))
[40] 代万里，张 强，谷邱鑫，等. 法向动载条件下粗糙岩质节理面剪切力学特性试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2024，43(7)：1 751–1 762.(DAI Wanli，ZHANG Qiang，GU Qiuxin，et al. Experimental study on the shear mechanical behaviors of a rough rock joint surface under dynamic normal load boundary condition[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2024，43(7)：1 751–1 762.(in Chinese))
[41] NIKTABAR S，RAO K，SHRIVASTAVA A，et al. Effect of load frequency and amplitude of displacement on soft synthetic rock joints under cyclic shear loads[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment，2024，83(10)：389.
[42] 尹 乾，靖洪文，孟 波，等. 恒定法向刚度条件下三维粗糙裂隙面剪切力学特性[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2020，39(11)：2 213–2 225.(YIN Qian，JING Hongwen，MENG Bo，et al. Shear mechanical properties of 3D rough rock fracture surfaces under constant normal stiffness conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2020，39(11)：2 213–2 225.(in Chinese))
2026, Vol. 45 
