Abstract：The prominent issues in tunnel design and safety control，especially the design of tunnel in complex surrounding rock are highlighted based on the analysis of existing classification methods of rock. The existing methods of rock classification are unsuitable for the complex rock conditions and strict requirements of environmental control. Moreover，they provide little guidance for tunneling in complex conditions. In this paper，the concept of safety of surrounding rock and support system of tunnel is proposed based on the surrounding rock control. The safety of tunnelling in complex surrounding rock with limited self-stability is studied. The safety evaluation model of surrounding rock is proposed. The importance of ground pre-reinforcement in weak ground tunneling is illustrated and the analysis method considering the effects of ground pre-reinforcement is proposed. The relationship between the scale of surrounding rock and its response is established based on the analysis of the scale effect and the structure effect(time effect) of surrounding rock. Meanwhile，the factors that affect the tunnelling stability are analyzed in the mesoscopic level. The safety evaluation system of surrounding rock under complex geological conditions is established based on the analysis of the relationship between surrounding rock and tunnel support. The deformation ahead of tunnel face，the failure zone ahead of tunnel face and the effectiveness of ground reinforcement are taken as the key parameters to classify the tunnel safety in complex conditions. An evaluation system of tunnel safety composed of nine indices is therefore put forward. A project is also given to introduce the use of the proposed classification method of tunnel safety.
[1] 关宝树，赵 勇. 软弱围岩隧道施工技术[M]. 北京：人民交通出版社，2011：7–12.(GUAN Baoshu，ZHAO Yong. Construction technology of tunnel with weak surrounding rocks[M]. Beijing：China Communications Press，2011：7–12.(in Chinese))
[2] 关宝树. 隧道工程施工要点集[M]. 北京：人民交通出版社，2003：8–25.(GUAN Baoshu. Essentials of construction in tunnelling engineering[M]. Beijing：China Communication Press，2003：8–25.(in Chinese))
[3] TERZAGHI K. Rock defects and loads on tunnel supports[R]. Youngstown：Commercial Shearing and Stamping Company，1946：12–18.
[4] BARTON N，LIEN R，LUNDE J. Engineering classification of rock masses for the design of tunnel support[J]. Rock Mechanics，1974，6(4)：189–239.
[5] BIENIAWSKI Z T. Rock mass classification in rock engineering[C]// Exploration for Rock Engineering. Cap Town：Balkema，1976：97–106.
[6] PALMSTRÖM A. RMi-a rock mass characterization system for rock engineering purposes[Ph. D. Thesis][D]. Oxford：University of Oslo，1995.
[7] HOEK E. Strength of rock and rock masses[J]. International Society for Rock Mechanics News Journal，1994，2(2)：4–16.
[8] 王文学，隋旺华，董青红，等. 松散层下覆岩裂隙采后闭合效应及重复开采覆岩破坏预测[J]. 煤炭学报，2013，38(10)：1 723–1 729. (WANG Wenxue，SUI Wanghua，DONG Qinghong，et al. Closure effect of mining-induced fractures under sand aquifers and prediction of overburden failure due to re-mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2013，38(10)：1 723–1 729.(in Chinese))
[9] 王李管，尚晓明，曾庆田，等. 三维可视化建模技术在岩体质量评价中的应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2008，27(增2)：3 655–3 660. (WANG Liguan，SHANG Xiaoming，ZENG Qingtian，et al. Application of 3D visualization modeling technology to rock mass quality evaluation[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2008，27(Supp.2)：3 655–3 660.(in Chinese))
[10] 岩井胜彦，中田雅博，矢野宽. トンネル切羽安定性の评价手法に关する-老察[J]. トンネルと地ト，1998，29(3)：41–48.(in Japanese)
[11] 王明年，刘大刚，刘 彪，等. 公路隧道岩质围岩亚级分级方法研究[J]. 岩土工程学报，2009，31(10)：1 590–1 594.(WANG Mingnian，LIU Dagang，LIU Biao，et al. Methods for surrounding rock sub-classification of road tunnels[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2009，31(10)：1 590–1 594.(in Chinese))
[12] 李鹏飞，赵 勇，刘建友. 隧道软弱围岩变形特征与控制方法[J]. 中国铁道科学，2014，35(5)：55–61.(LI Pengfei，ZHAO Yong，LIU Jianyou. Deformation characteristics and control method of tunnel with weak surrounding rock[J]. China Rail Way Science，2014，35(5)：55–61.(in Chinese))
[13] CHEN R P，LI J，KONG L G，et al. Experimental study on face instability of shield tunnel in sand[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology，2013，33：12–21.
[14] 张顶立，王梦恕，高 军，等. 复杂围岩条件下大跨隧道修建技术研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2003，22(2)：290–296.(ZHANG Dingli，WANG Mengshu，GAO Jun，et al. Research on construction technology of large-span tunnel in complex rock[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2003，22(2)：290–296.(in Chinese))
[15] 张顶立，李治国. 高压富水区隧道帷幕注浆止浆系统分析[J]. 岩土力学，2004，25(7)：1 151–1 154.(ZHANG Dingli，LI Zhiguo. Analysis of borehole occluding system for tunnel curtain grouting in high pressure and rich water zone[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2004，25(7)：1 151–1 154.(in Chinese))
[16] 张顶立，李 兵，房 倩，等. 基于风险系数的海底隧道纵断面确定方法[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2009，28(1)：9–19.(ZHANG Dingli，LI Ping，FANG Qian，et al. Method for determining longitudinal section of subsea tunnel based on risk coefficient[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2009，28(1)：9–19.(in Chinese))
[17] 张顶立，孙 锋，李鹏飞. 海底隧道复合注浆机制研究及工程应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2012，31(3)：445–452.(ZHANG Dingli，SUN Feng，LI Pengfei. Mechanism of composite grouting in subsea tunnel and its application[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2012，31(3)：445–452.(in Chinese))
[18] LUNARDI P. Dcsign and construction of tunnels[M]. [S.l.]：Springer，2008：93–94.
[19] 侯艳娟，张顶立，台启民. 隧道施工塌方事故分析与控制[J]. 现代隧道技术，2016，53(4)：9–19.(HOU Yanjuan，ZHANG Dingli，TAI Qimin. Analysis and control of tunnel construction collapse failures[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology，2016，53(4)：9–19.(in Chinese))
[20] 许宏发，耿汉生，刘伟东，等. 基于 BQ 的破碎岩体注浆加固强度增长理论[J]. 岩土工程学报，2014，36(6)：1 147–1 151.(XU Hongfa，GENG Hansheng，LI Weidong，et al. Theory of strength increment of grouting-reinforced bodies for broken rock mass based on BQ[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2014，36(6)：1 147–1 151.(in Chinese))
[21] 台启民，张顶立，房 倩，等. 软弱破碎围岩隧道超前支护确定方法[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2016，35(1)：173–183.(TAI Qimin，ZHANG Dingli，FANG Qian，et al. Determination of advance supports in tunnel construction under unfavourable rock conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2016，35(1)：173–183.(in Chinese))
[22] 耿 萍，晏启祥，何 川，等. 隧道水平冻结施工过程的数值模拟[J].工程力学，2010，27(5)：122–127.(GENG Ping，YAN Qixiang，HE Chuan，et al. Numerical simulation of underground construction by horizontal ground freezing method[J]. Engineering Mechanics，2010，27(5)：122–127.(in Chinese))
[23] SAATY T L. The analytic hierarchy process[M]. New York：Mc Gtaw Hill，1980：1–12.
[24] 陈水利，李敬功，王向公. 模糊集理论及其应用[M]. 北京：科学出版社，2005：156–223.(CHEN Shuili，LI Jinggong，WANG Xianggong. The fuzzy set theory and application[M]. Beijing：Science Press，2005：156–223.(in Chinese))
[25] 何晓群. 多元统计分析[M]. 北京：中国人民大学出版社，2014：52–60.(HE Xiaoqun. Multivariate statistical analysis[M]. Beijing：China Renmin University Press，2014：52–60.(in Chinese))
[26] 中华人民共和国行业标准编写组. TB10003—2005铁路隧道设计规范[S]. 北京：中国铁道出版社，2005.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China. TB10003—2005 Code for design on tunnel of railway[S]. Beijing：China Railway Publishing House，2005.(in Chinese))
[27] 许宏发，耿汉生，李朝甫，等. 破碎岩体注浆加固体强度估计[J]. 岩土工程学报，2013，35(11)：2 018–2 022.(XU Hongfa，GENG Hansheng，LI Chaofu，et al. Estimating strength of grouting reinforced bodies in broken rock mass[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2013，35(11)：2 018–2 022.(in Chinese))
2017, Vol. 36 
