Shaking table test study on seismic-soil-pile-superstructure-interaction
WANG Gang1，JING Liping1，2，LI Jiarui1，HE Bin1，YIN Zhiyong1
(1. Institute of Engineering Mechanics，China Earthquake Administration，Harbin，Heilongjiang 150080，China；
2. Institute of Disaster Prevention Science and Technology，Sanhe，Hebei 065201，China)
Abstract：In order to deeply analyze the characteristics of kinematic interaction(KI) and inertial interaction(II) in seismic-soil-pile-superstructure-interaction(SSPSI)，a test model with end-bearing single pile，medium-hard clay and superstructure(variable mass) is designed and studied by shaking table test. Firstly，the motion of pile cap under different test conditions is discussed，and then the contribution of kinematic interaction and inertial interaction at the upper surface of pile cap is qualitatively explained by comparing the amplification coefficient of peak acceleration. Finally，the contribution of kinematic interaction and inertial interaction under different test conditions is further explained quantitatively by defining and calculating the coherence function ratio R. The analysis results show that the pile cap mainly moves horizontally along the vibration direction，and the contribution of rotation of the pile cap to the bending moment of the pile head is very small，which can be ignored. When there is no superstructure，or the weight of superstructure is small(37.5% and below， is the characteristic value of pile vertical bearing capacity) whereas the amplitude of ground motion is small(0.1 g and below)，the kinematic interaction is dominant. When the weight of superstructure is small(37.5% and below)，but the amplitude of ground motion is large(0.2 g)，or the weight of superstructure is large(75% and above)，the inertial interaction is dominant. Therefore，when the superstructure in SSPSI is heavy，the inertial interaction has a great impact on the horizontal bearing capacity of pile foundation，and attention should be paid to the influence of vibration characteristics of superstructure in the seismic design of pile foundation for this kind of structure.
[1] 张克绪，谢君斐，陈国兴. 桩的震害及其破坏机制宏观研究[J]. 世界地震工程，1991，(2)：7–20.(ZHANG Kexu，XIE Junfei，CHEN Guoxing. Macroscopic study on earthquake damage and failure mechanism of piles[J]. World Earthquake Engineering，1991，(2)：7–20.(in Chinese))
[2] MEYMAND P. Shaking table scale model tests of nonlinear soil-pile-superstructure interaction in soft clay[Ph. D. Thesis][D]. Berkeley：University of California，1998.
[3] 刘宏伟，庄惠平，张 伟，等. 公路桥梁地基震害形式与处理方法[C]// 第六届全国地震工程学会会议. 南京：中国地震学会；中国建筑学会，2002.(LIU Hongwei，ZHUANG Huiping，ZHANG Wei，et al. Seismic damage forms and treatment methods of highway bridge foundation[C]// The 6th National Conference of Earthquake Engineering Society. Nanjing：Seismological Society of China，Architectural Society of China，2002.(in Chinese))
[4] 王青桥，韦 晓，王君杰. 桥梁桩基震害特点及其破坏机理[J]. 震灾防御技术，2009，4(2)：167–173.(WANG Qingqiao，WEI Xiao，WANG Junjie. Seismic damage characteristics and failure mechanism of bridge pile foundation[J]. Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention，2009，4(2)：167–173.(in Chinese))
[5] 刘惠珊. 桩基震害及原因分析–日本阪神大地震的启示[J]. 工程抗震，1999，(1)：37–43.(LIU Huishan. Earthquake damage of pile foundation and its cause analysis-inspiration from the Kobe earthquake in Japan[J]. Earthquake Resistant Engineering，1999，(1)：37–43.(in Chinese))
[6] CHOPRA A K. 结构动力学：理论及其在地震工程中的应用[M]. 2版. 北京：高等教育出版社，2007：345.(CHOPRA A K. Dynamics of structures：theory and applications to Earthquake Engineering[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing：Higher Education Press，2007：345.(in Chinese))
[7] 张克绪，凌贤长. 岩土地震工程及工程振动[M]. 北京：科学出版社，2016：569.(ZHANG Kexu，LING Xianzhang. Geotechnical earthquake engineering and engineering vibration[M]. Beijing：Science Press，2016：569.(in Chinese))
[8] KAYNIA A M，MAHZOONI S. Forces in pile foundations under seismic loading[J]. Journal of Engineering Mechanics，1996，122(1)：46–53.
[9] HUSSIEN M N，KARRAY M，TOBITA T，et al. Evaluation of seismic kinematic and inertial forces in piles[C]// Géo-Québec，68 Canadien Geotechnical Conference. [S. l.]：[s. n.]，2015：1–6.
[10] 伍小平. 砂土–桩–结构相互作用振动台试验研究[博士学位论文][D]. 上海：同济大学，2002.(WU Xiaoping. Shaking table test of sand-pile-structure interaction[Ph. D. Thesis][D]. Shanghai：Tongji University，2002.(in Chinese))
[11] 李雨润. 液化土层中桩基横向动力响应研究[博士学位论文][D]. 北京：中国地震局工程力学研究所，2006.(LI Yurun. Study on lateral dynamic response of pile foundation in liquefiable soil[Ph. D. Thesis][D]. Beijing：Institute of Engineering Mechanics，China Earthquake Administration，2006.(in Chinese))
[12] 魏春莉. 桩–土–桥梁结构地震动力相互作用振动台模拟试验研究[硕士学位论文][D]. 重庆：重庆交通大学，2008.(WEI Chunli. Shaking table test of seismic pile-soil-structure interaction[M. S. Thesis][D]. Chongqing：Chongqing Jiaotong University，2008.(in Chinese))
[13] WENJUN L U，ZHANG G A. Influence mechanism of vertical- horizontal combined loads on the response of a single pile in sand[J]. Soils and Foundations，2018，58(2018)：1 228–1 239.
[14] 任 青，黄茂松，韩东晓. 考虑轴力的部分埋入群桩基础水平振动特性[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2011，30(9)：1 932–1 944. (REN Qing，HUANG Maosong，HAN Dongxiao. Lateral vibration properties of partially embedded pile groups foundation considering axial forces[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2011，30(9)：1 932–1 944.(in Chinese))
[15] KARTHIGEYAN S，RAMAKRISHNA V V G S T，RAJAGOPAL K. Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Vertical Load on the Lateral Response of Piles[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering，2007，133(5)：512–521.
[16] ZHANG X，TANG L，LI X，et al. Effect of the combined action of lateral load and axial load on the pile instability in liquefiable soils[J]. Engineering Structures，2020，205：110 074.
[17] 李雨润，袁晓铭，梁 艳. 桩–液化土相互作用p-y曲线修正计算方法研究[J]. 岩土工程学报，2009，31(4)：595–599.(LI Yurun，YUAN Xiaoming，LIANG Yan. Modified calculation method of p-y curves for liquefied soil-pile interaction[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2009，31(4)：595–599.(in Chinese))
[18] 周恩全，王志华，陈国兴. 可液化场地端承单桩振动台模型试验[J]. 南京工业大学学报：自然科学版，2013，35(6)：5–10.(ZHOU Enquan，WANG Zhihua，CHEN Guoxing. Shaking table model test on single end bearing pile in liquefiable site[J]. Journal of Nanjing Tech University：Natural Science，2013，35(6)：5–10.(in Chinese))
[19] KAHRIBT M A，ABBAS J M. Lateral response of a single pile under combined axial and lateral cyclic loading in sandy soil[J]. Civil Engineering Journal，2018，4(9)：1 996.
[20] 闫志晓，李雨润，张 健. 饱和砂土中直群桩及土体地震动力响应特征研究[J]. 振动与冲击，2020，39(18)：44–53.(YAN Zhixiao，LI Yurun，ZHANG Jian. Seismic response characteristics of straight group piles and soil in saturated sand[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock，2020，39(18)：44–53.(in Chinese))
[21] 冯士伦，王建华. 海洋平台桩基的振动台模型试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2006，25(增1)：3 229–3 234.(FENG Shilun，WANG Jianhua. Shake table model test on pile foundation of offshore platforms[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2006，25(Supp.1)：3 229–3 234.(in Chinese))
[22] ZHANG L，GOH S H，YI J. A centrifuge study of the seismic response of pile-raft systems embedded in soft clay[J]. Géotechnique，2017，67(6)：479–490.
[23] 马 亢，裴建良. 桩筏基础–土动力相互作用的离心机模型试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2011，30(7)：1 488–1 495.(MA Kang，PEI Jianliang. Study of dynamic interaction between pile-raft founbdation and soft clay by centrifuge model tests[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2011，30(7)：1 488– 1 495.(in Chinese))
[24] 中华人民共和国国家标准编写组. GB 50011—2010 建筑抗震设计规范[S]. 北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2016.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China. GB 50011—2010 Code for seismic design of buildings[S]. Beijing：China Construction Industry Press，2016.(in Chinese))
[25] 中华人民共和国行业标准编写组. JGJ94—2008 建筑桩基技术规范[M]. 北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2008.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China. JGJ94—2008 Code for seismic design of buildings[S]. Beijing：China Construction Industry Press，2008.(in Chinese))
[26] 孙海峰. 地下结构地震破坏机理研究[博士学位论文][D]. 北京：中国地震局工程力学研究所，2011.(SUN Haifeng. Study on earthquake damage mechanism of underground structures[Ph. D. Thesis][D]. Beijing：Institute of Engineering Mechanics，China Earthquake Administration，2011.(in Chinese))
2021, Vol. 40 
