承压水上无煤柱自成巷开采底板破坏特征模型试验研究

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摘要随着我国煤层开采深度、强度逐年增加，底板水害愈发成为威胁矿井安全高效生产的制约因素。无煤柱自成巷技术作为一种新型的带压开采方法可以有效降低底板突水风险。为探究无煤柱自成巷带压开采与留煤柱开采的底板破坏差异，首先进行无煤柱自成巷底板减损防突水的理论分析，明确其突水防治优势；之后以荣康煤矿11004工作面为工程背景，自主设计以弹簧组与内嵌水袋模拟奥灰含水层、以导升软管与分支管作为导水通道、以特制“切–支–护”一体化装置作为模拟切顶成巷关键装备的二维模型试验系统；通过试验得出不同区域的承压水导升、底板应力及表面位移分布规律；最终，基于试验与理论分析结果，提出综合治理方案。研究表明：(1) 控制张拉裂隙是底板突水防治的关键、减少剪切裂隙是避免底板破坏的重点，而降低采动破坏深度是治理突水的根本举措。(2) 切顶侧各分支口承压水累积导升体积之和为6.1 mL，相较煤柱侧、陷落柱区域以及工作面中部分别降低84.3，86.4和78.8%；切顶侧底板在整个开挖过程中表现为压应力，而煤柱侧、工作面中部则经历“压–拉–压”的应力状态变化，使得底板破坏严重；煤柱侧与工作面中部均表现为底鼓，切顶侧则表现为压缩，较大正位移更易诱发导水通道，突水危险性较高。(3) 无煤柱自成巷开采与区域治理相结合的综合治理方案取得较好应用效果，底板突水危险得到有效控制。

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	盖秋凯1
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关键词 ：采矿工程, 无煤柱自成巷开采, 底板破坏, 突水, 模型试验

Abstract：With the increasing depth and intensity of coal seam mining in China，floor water inrush has become a constraining factor threatening safe and efficient production of mines. The non-pillar mining with automatically formed roadway，as a new type of mining method above confined water，can effectively reduce the risk of floor water inrush. To explore the differences in floor damage between automatically formed roadway mining and coal pillar mining，a theoretical analysis was first conducted on reduction of floor damage and prevention of water inrush in the non-pillar mining with automatically formed roadway，clarifying its advantages. Afterwards，taking the 11004-working face of Rongkang Coal Mine as the engineering background，a two-dimensional model test system was independently designed，which simulates the Ordovician limestone aquifer with spring sets and embedded water bags，uses lifting hoses and branch pipes as water-conducting channels，and uses a specially designed“cutting- support-protection”integrated device as the key equipment of simulating roof cutting and retention roadway. The distribution laws of confined water lifting，floor stress，and surface displacement in different regions were obtained through the experiment. Finally，based on experimental and theoretical analysis results，a comprehensive governance scheme was proposed. Research has shown that：(1) controlling tension cracks is the key to preventing floor water inrush，reducing shear cracks is the focus of avoiding floor failure，and reducing the depth of mining damage is the fundamental governance measure. (2) The cumulative volume of confined water at each branch on roof-cutting side is 6.1 mL，which is reduced by 84.3，86.4，and 78.8% compared to coal pillar side，collapse column area，and the middle of the working face respectively. The floor on the roof-cutting side exhibits compressive stress throughout the excavation process，while the coal pillar side and the middle of the working face undergo a stress state change of“compression-tension-compression”，resulting in severe damage. Both the coal pillar side and the middle of the working face show the floor heaving，while the roof-cutting side shows compression. Larger positive displacements are more likely to induce water-conducting channels and pose a higher risk of water inrush. (3) The comprehensive governance scheme combining non-pillar mining with automatically formed roadway and regional governance has achieved good application results，and the risk of floor water inrush has been effectively controlled.

Key words： mining engineering non-pillar mining with automatically formed roadway floor failure water inrush model experiment

引用本文:

盖秋凯1，2，3，高玉兵1，2，何满潮1. 承压水上无煤柱自成巷开采底板破坏特征模型试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(2): 391-408.
GAI Qiukai1，2，3，GAO Yubing1，2，HE Manchao1. Model experimental study of floor failure characteristics during non-pillar mining with automatically formed roadway above confined water#br#. , 2025, 44(2): 391-408.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I2/391

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