浅埋高强度开采回撤巷道煤柱受载特征及累积损伤机制

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摘要为解决浅埋高强度开采回撤巷道护巷煤柱的长期稳定性问题，以锦界煤矿31409工作面末采段回采任务为工程实例，采用力学测试、数值模拟和现场监测等手段，探究开采扰动期间工作面超前支承压力叠加效应和渐进受载条件下通道煤柱的应力演化和累积损伤机制。设计三级循环加卸载条件下煤样强度弱化和损伤破坏实验，揭示末采段采动应力转移历程，构建工作面末采段采动应力响应数值计算模型。研究表明：(1) 循环加卸载损伤煤样单轴压缩强度降低至14.14 MPa(无损煤样单轴抗压强度为18.40 MPa)，变化率为23%，峰后承载段有载荷波动现象(有别于瞬间破损)，在峰值载荷前累积损伤煤样单轴压缩声发射参数保持低值浮动状态，相比循环加卸载3次时裂隙发育活动性略有衰减；(2) 末采段采动应力历经常规回采段煤壁超前支承压力反复叠加、临近通道段支承压力持续转移、贯通段多重累积应力释放3种状态，且通道煤柱载荷在辅回撤巷道和采空区间呈现采掘联合影响、不均匀分布特征，获得煤柱稳定临界损伤度评价参数；(3) 末采段回采空间前后的上覆岩层或煤体内存在支承压力衰减区、极限平衡区和累积增加区，随工作面继续推进采动应力影响范围扩展至覆岩关键层位置，矿压显现剧烈、通道煤柱应力积聚增长，由原岩应力大小逐步增加至7.3 MPa，增长了2.8倍，为确保回撤巷道支护体系稳定和护巷煤柱安全运行提供了理论基础。

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关键词 ：采矿工程, 浅埋煤层, 回撤巷道, 渐进受载, 煤柱稳定性, 累积损伤

Abstract：In order to solve the long-term stability of the shallow-buried coal pillars in withdrawal roadways with high-strength mining effect，the backstoping in the final mining section on the 31409 working face of Jinjie Coal Mine was taken as a project case，and adopting mechanical testing，numerical simulation and on-site monitoring，the stress evolution and accumulated damage mechanism of the coal pillar in the roadway were explored under the superimposed effect of the advanced support pressure on the working face and the progressive loading condition during excavation disturbance. An experiment of coal sample strength weakening and damage failure under three-stage cyclic loading and unloading conditions was designed to reveal the mining stress transfer process in the final mining section，and a numerical model of the mining stress response in the final mining section on the working face was constructed. The research results indicate that：(1) The uniaxial compressive strength of the coal sample under cyclic loading and unloading damage is reduced to 14.14 MPa，while the uniaxial compressive strength of the non-destructive coal sample is 18.40 MPa with a change rate of 23%. There are load fluctuations in the load-bearing section after the peak，which is different from instantaneous damage. The AE parameter of uniaxial compressive of the cumulatively damaged coal sample before the peak load is floating in low values，which is slightly attenuated in the mobility of fracture development compared with that after three loading and unloading cycles. (2) The mining stress in the final mining section experiences three states including repeated superimposition of the advanced support pressure on the coal wall in the conventional mining section, continuous transfer of the support pressure in the adjacent passage section and release of multiple cumulative stresses in the mining run-through section，the passage coal pillar load presents the characteristics of mining-excavation combining influence and uneven distribution in the auxiliary recovery roadway and the goaf，and the critical damage evaluation parameter ω of coal pillar stability is obtained. (3) In the final mining section，the overlying strata or the coal body before and after the goaf contains three zones such as the support pressure attenuation zone，the limit equilibrium zone and the cumulative increase zone. As the working face advances，the influence range of the mining stress extends to the key overburden strata，where the ground pressure is sharp and the coal pillar stress in the roadway accumulates gradually 7.3 MPa about 2.8 times of the original rock stress. This research provides a theoretical basis for ensuring the stability of the supporting system in withdrawal roadways and the safe operation of protective coal pillars.

Key words： mining engineering shallow coal seam withdraw roadway progressive loading coal pillar stability accumulated damage

引用本文:

王方田1，2，邵栋梁1，2，牛滕冲1，2，窦凤金3. 浅埋高强度开采回撤巷道煤柱受载特征及累积损伤机制[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2022, 41(6): 1148-1159.
WANG Fangtian1，2，SHAO Dongliang1，2，NIU Tengchong1，2，DOU Fengjin3. Progressive loading characteristics and accumulated damage mechanisms of shallow-buried coal pillars in withdrawal roadways #br# with high-strength mining effect. , 2022, 41(6): 1148-1159.

链接本文:

http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V41/I6/1148

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