基于质量寻优与归一化STA/LTA方法的微震P波到时拾取技术研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.1101

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: PDF (1824 KB) HTML (1 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要微震信号P波初至拾取是微震数据处理的关键步骤之一。为了实现微震信号 P 波初至到时的精确拾取，针对微震信号不同信道各时段受噪声污染程度不同的特点，使用归一化后的信噪比、信号的明显程度和信号初至起跳点的明显程度叠加的信噪指数代替单一信噪比来量化微震信号的质量。以信噪指数作为判定条件选取质量较高的信号作为输入来提高P波到时准确度，设计一种基于质量寻优与归一化STA/LTA方法的微震P波初至到时拾取算法(QONSL方法)。为了验证该方法的可行性和有效性，分别对测试数据和阜新市五龙矿微震监测数据进行处理。对测试数据的处理结果表明，在量化微震信号的质量时，信噪指数比信噪比更准确，且信噪指数越大，到时拾取结果越接近准确到时。对阜新市五龙矿三分向数据处理结果表明，QONSL方法可以通过信噪指数快速锁定信号质量较高的信号通道并快速拾取微震P波初至到时，综合120个微震信号的到时拾取结果来看，与准确到时的误差保持在5 ms之内，将86个微震事件的到时误差控制在2 ms以内。与STA/LTA算法相比，QONSL算法拾取精度整体提升72%，整体误差范围波动减少75%。QONSL方法受噪声影响较小，具有较高的拾取效率和精度，可为煤层水力压裂、矿山动力灾害实时监测以及后续的微震自动高精度定位计算提供参考。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	赵扬锋1
	2
	王进铭1
	潘一山1
	3
	王学滨1
	赵伟1
	樊艺1

关键词 ：采矿工程, 微震, P波到时, 到时拾取, 信噪指数, STA/LTA, QONSL方法

Abstract：Determining arrival time of microseismic P-wave is one of the key steps in microseismic data processing. In order to accurately determine arrival times of microseismic P-wave，according to the characteristics of different noise pollution degrees in different channels and periods of microseismic signal，the signal-to-noise index(SNI) superimposed by normalized signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)，the apparent degree of the signal(ADS) and the apparent degree of the jump point(ADJ) is used instead of SNR to quantify the quality of microseismic signal. Taking SNI as the judgment condition，the high-quality signal input is selected to improve the microseismic arrival accuracy. The method determining arrival times of microseismic P-wave(QONSL method) was designed based on quality optimization and normalized STA/LTA method. To test the feasibility and effectiveness of this method，the test data and microseismic monitoring data of Wulong Mine in Fuxin were processed respectively. The processing results of the test data show that when quantifying the quality of microseismic signal，the SNI is more accurate than the SNR，and the larger the SNI is，the closer the picking result is to the accurate time. The data processing results of Wulong Mine in Fuxin show that the QONSL method can quickly target the channel with higher signal quality and pick up the arrival times of microseismic P-wave through SNI. According to the arrival time picking results of 120 microseismic signals，the error with the accurate arrivals is kept within 5 ms，and the arrival error of 86 microseismic events is controlled within 2 ms. Compared with the STA/LTA algorithm，the overall picking accuracy of QONSL algorithm is improved by 72%，and the fluctuation of the global error range is reduced by 75%. The QONSL method is less affected by noise and has higher picking efficiency and accuracy，which can provide a reference for the hydraulic fracturing of the coal seam，the real-time monitoring of mine dynamic disaster，and the subsequent automatic high-precision positioning calculation of microseismic.

Key words： mining engineering microseismic P wave?s arrival arrival time picking signal-noise index STA/LTA QONSL method

引用本文:

赵扬锋1，2，王进铭1，潘一山1，3，王学滨1，赵伟1，樊艺1. 基于质量寻优与归一化STA/LTA方法的微震P波到时拾取技术研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2022, 41(8): 1610-1625.
ZHAO Yangfeng1，2，WANG Jinming1，PAN Yishan1，3，WANG Xuebin1，ZHAO Wei1，FAN Yi1 . Study on determining arrival times of microseismic P-wave based on quality optimization and normalized STA/LTA method. , 2022, 41(8): 1610-1625.

链接本文:

http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.1101 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V41/I8/1610

[34]	毛燕，崔建文，郑定昌，等. 地震记录的P波自动捡拾[J]. 地震研究，2011，34(1)：47–51.(MAO Yan，CUI Jianwen，ZHENG Dingchang，et al. Automatic P-wave detection of the earthquake recording[J]. Journal of Seismological Research，2011，34(1)：47–51.(in Chinese))
[2]	GE M. Efficient mine microseismic monitoring[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology，2005，64(8)：44–56.
[4]	李楠，王恩元，GE M. 微震监测技术及其在煤矿的应用现状与展望[J]. 煤炭学报，2017，42(增1)：83–96.(LI Nan，WANG Enyuan，GE M. Microseismic monitoring technique and its applications atcoal mines：present status and future prospects[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2017，42(Supp.1)：83–96.(in Chinese))
[6]	贾宝新，王坤，孙傲，等. 含采空区层状岩体微震信号传播规律试验研究[J]. 岩土力学，2020，41(10)：3 255–3 265.(JIA Baoxin，WANG Kun，SUN Ao，et al. Experimental study on propagation law of microseismic signal in layered rock mass containing goaf[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2020，41(10)：3 255–3 265.(in Chinese))
[9]	JIANG R，DAI F，LIU Y，et al. Fast marching method for microseismic source location in cavern-containing rockmass：performance analysis and engineering application[J]. Engineering，2021，7(7)：1 023–1 034.
[12]	DONG L，HU Q，TONG X，et al. Velocity-free MS/AE source location method for three-dimensional hole-containing structures[J]. Engineering，2020，6(7)：827–834.
[14]	ALLEN R V. Automatic phase pickers：their present use and future prospects[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America，1982，72(6)：S225–S242.
[16]	CHEN Z，STEWART R R. A multi-window algorithm for real-time automatic detection and picking of P-phases of microseismic events[C]// CSEG National Convention Abstracts. [S. l.]：[s. n.]，2005：355–358.
[19]	余建华，李丹丹，韩国栋. 特征函数响应特性分析及STA/LTA方法的改进[J]. 国外电子测量技术，2011，30(7)：17–19.(YU Jianhua，LI Dandan，HAN Guodong. Response analysis of the characteristic function and STA/LTA method improving[J]. Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology，2011，30(7)：17–19.(in Chinese))
[1]	潘一山，赵扬锋，官福海，等. 矿震监测定位系统的研究及应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2007，26(5)：1 002–1 011.(PAN Yishan，ZHAO Yangfeng，GUAN Fuhai，et al. Study on rockburst monitoring and orientation system and its application[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2007，26(5)：1 002–1 011.(in Chinese))
[7]	贾宝新，李峰，周琳力，等. 基于时频分析的微震P波和S波到时联合拾取方法[J]. 岩土力学，2021，42(5)：1 253–1 265.(JIA Baoxin，LI Feng，ZHOU Linli，et al. Joint arrival-time picking method of microseismic P-wave and S-wave based on time-frequency analysis[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2021，42(5)：1 253–1 265.(in Chinese))
[10]	董陇军，李夕兵，唐礼忠，等. 无需预先测速的微震震源定位的数学形式及震源参数确定[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2011，30(10)：2 057–2 067.(DONG Longjun，LI Xibing，TANG Lizhong，et al. Mathematical functions and parameters for microseismic source location without pre-measuring speed[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2011，30(10)：2 057–2 067.(in Chinese))
[17]	AKRAM J. Automatic P-wave arrival time picking method for seismic and microseismic data[C]// CSPG CSEG CWLS Convention Abstracts. [S. l.]：[s. n.]，2011：1–4.
[20]	LI X，SHANG X，WANG Z，et al. Identifying P-phase arrivals with noise：An improved Kurtosis method based on DWT and STA/LTA[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics，2016，133：50–61.
[22]	陈炳瑞，吴昊，池秀文，等. 基于STA/LTA岩石破裂微震信号实时识别算法及工程应用[J]. 岩土力学，2019，40(9)：3 689–3 696. (CHEN Bingrui，WU Hao，CHI Xiuwen，et al. Real-time recognition algorithm for microseismic signals of rock failure based on STA/LTA and its engineering application[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2019，40(9)：3 689–3 696.(in Chinese))
[24]	LI J，HE M，CUI G，et al. A novel method of seismic signal detection using waveform features[J]. Applied Sciences，2020，10(8)：2 919.
[26]	LI S，CHENG S，LI L，et al. Identification and location method of microseismic event based on improved STA/LTA algorithm and four-cell-square-array in plane algorithm[J]. International Journal of Geomechanics，2019，19(7)：04019067.
[27]	KHALQILLAH A，ISA M，MUKSIN U. A GUI based automatic detection of seismic P-wave arrivals by using Short Term Average/Long Term Average(STA/LTA) method[J]. Journal of Physics：Conference Series，2018，1116：032014.
[30]	MAEDA N. A method for reading and checking phase times in autoprocessing system of seismic data[J]. Zisin，1985，38(3)：365–380.
[32]	朱权洁，姜福兴，魏全德，等. 煤层水力压裂微震信号P波初至的自动拾取方法[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2018，37(10)：2 319–2 333. (ZHU Quanjie，JIANG Fuxing，WEI Quande，et al. An automatic method determining arrival times of microseismic P-phase in hydraulic fracturing of coal seam[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2018，37(10)：2 319–2 333.(in Chinese))
[37]	MBORAH C，GE M. Enhancing manual P-phase arrival detection and automatic onset time picking in a noisy microseismic data in underground mines[J]. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology，2018，28(4)：691–699.
[3]	李金雨，雷文杰，赵洪宝，等. 重复爆破采动下煤岩冲击破坏的微震响应特征[J]. 中国矿业大学学报，2019，48(5)：966–974.(LI Jinyu，LEI Wenjie，ZHAO Hongbao，et al. Micro-seismic characteristics during impact failure of coal and rock under repetitive blast mining[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology，2019，48(5)：966–974.(in Chinese))
[5]	吴顺川，陈子健，张诗淮，等. 缓倾地层微震定位算法探讨及其数值验证[J]. 岩土力学，2018，39(1)：297–307.(WU Shunchuan，CHEN Zijian，ZHANG Shihuai，et al. Microseismic location algorithm for gently inclined strata and its numerical verification[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2018，39(1)：297–307.(in Chinese))
[8]	李罗兰，何川，谭玉阳. 微地震观测系统及震源定位目标函数研究[J]. 北京大学学报：自然科学版，2017，53(2)：329–343.(LI Luolan，HE Chuan，TAN Yuyang. Study of recording system and objective function for microseismic source location[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis，2017，53(2)：329–343.(in Chinese))
[15]	MUNRO K. Automatic event detection and picking of P-wave arrivals[R]. Calgary：CREWES Research Report，2004.
[18]	SABBIONE J I，VELIS D R. An automatic method for microseismic events detection based on earthquake phase pickers[C]// SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstract. [S. l.]：[s. n.]，2012：1–5.
[25]	JONES J P，VAN D B M. Adaptive STA-LTA with outlier statistics[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America，2015，105(3)：1 606–1 618.
[28]	TAKANAMI T，KITAGAWA G. Estimation of the arrival times of seismic waves by multivariate time series model[J]. Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics，1991，43(3)：407–433.
[35]	谭玉阳，于静，冯刚，等. 微地震事件初至拾取SLPEA算法[J]. 地球物理学报，2016，59(1)：185–196.(TAN Yunyang，YU Jing，FENG Gang，et al. Arrival picking of microseismic events using the SLPEA algorithm[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics，2016，59(1)：185–196.(in Chinese))
[38]	LEONARD M，KENNETT B L N. Multi-component autoregressive techniques for the analysis of seismograms[J]. Physics of theEarth and Planetary Interiors，1999，113(1/4)：247–263.
[40]	JIANG Y，PENG P，WANG L，et al. Automated locating mining- induced microseismicity without arrival picking by weighted STA/LTA traces stacking[J]. Sustainability，2020，12(9)：3 665.
[11]	蒋元建，王李管，彭平安，等. 基于层状波速模型的矿山微震定位方法[J]. 有色金属工程，2019，9(12)：96–105.(JIANG Yuanjian，WANG Liguan，PENG Ping?an，et al. Mine microseismic location method based on layered wave velocity model[J]. Nonferrous Metals Engineering，2019，9(12)：96–105.(in Chinese))
[13]	ALLEN R V. Automatic earthquake recognition and timing from single traces[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America，1978，68(5)：1 521–1 532.
[21]	刘晓明，赵君杰，王运敏，等. 基于改进的STA/LTA方法的微地震P波自动拾取技术[J]. 东北大学学报：自然科学版，2017，38(5)：740–745.(LIU Xiaoming，ZHAO Junjie，WANG Yunmin，et al. Automatic picking of microseismic events P-wave arrivals based on improved method of STA/LTA[J]. Journal of Northeastern University：Natural Science，2017，38(5)：740–745.(in Chinese))
[23]	陈炳瑞，冯夏庭，符启卿，等. 综合集成高精度智能微震监测技术及其在深部岩石工程中的应用[J]. 岩土力学，2020，41(7)：2 422–2 431. (CHEN Binrui，FENG Xiating，FU Qiqing，et al. Integration and high precision intelligence microseismic monitoring technology and its application in deep rock engineering[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2020，41(7)：2 422–2 431.(in Chinese))
[31]	LI H，TUO X，SHEN T，et al. A new first break picking for three-component VSP data using gesture sensor and polarization analysis[J]. Sensors，2017，17(9)：2 150–2 163.
[33]	DIEHL T，DEICHMANN N，KISSLING E，et al. Automatic S-wave picker for local earthquake tomography[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America，2009，99(3)：1 906–1 920.
[29]	ZHANG H. Automatic P-wave arrival detection and picking with multiscale wavelet analysis for single-component recordings[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America，2003，93(5)：1 904–1 912.
[36]	李庶林，唐超，刘胤池. 基于阻尼耗散能功率的微震P波到时拾取新方法研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2021，40(增1)：2 613–2 622. (LI Shulin，TANG Chao，LIU Yinchi. The research about new method of picking onset of microseismic P-wave based on power of damping energy[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2021，40(Supp.1)：2 613–2 622.(in Chinese))
[39]	LEONARD M. Comparison of manual and automatic onset time picking[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America，2000，90(6)：1 384–1 390.