断层黏滑失稳过程声发射特征试验研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.0948

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摘要为研究断层黏滑过程中的声发射特征，对预制不同倾角的粗晶正长花岗岩断层模型进行摩擦滑动试验，分析不同加载速率、不同侧压下断层黏滑失稳的声发射特征的演化过程。结果表明：(1) 在一个黏滑过程中，应力积累阶段内的声发射事件数目稳定增长，声发射能级都比较小；断层失稳错动时，声发射事件突增，而且伴随高能级的声发射事件，能量远大于其他事件，说明断层失稳时产生数量更多、强度更大的声发射活动，而且声发射能量突增发生在断层亚失稳阶段，可以利用高能量声发射事件发生对断层黏滑进行预测。(2) 在不同加载条件下断层黏滑特征有所不同。侧压和倾角改变时，断层面应力状态的变化影响凹凸体的接触状态，宏观表现为断层面的摩擦强度改变。随着侧压增大，断层发生黏滑的剪应力增加，应力降增大。倾角由34°变为45°时，黏滑更不容易发生，失稳时释放的应变能更大，且在45°倾角下黏滑事件峰值应力不断增大，倾角为56°时，断层面剪应力持续增加，但不发生黏滑。在加载速率减小时，黏滑周期变长，加载过程中断层面之间有相对长的时间进行调整和物理愈合，断层面受力状态发生变化，断层失稳的应力降增大。(3) 加载条件发生改变时，声发射特征发生变化。侧压增大时，声发射计数增长率增大，声发射活动更加频繁，同时高频率的幅值增大，断层微破裂的产生和扩展更加复杂。倾角由34°变为45°，低频信号的幅值明显增大，这说明倾角的改变使得断层出现更大尺度的微破裂。

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	赵扬锋1
	樊艺1
	荆刚2
	刘玉春1
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	王学滨1

关键词 ：岩石力学, 黏滑, 平直断层, 断层倾角, 侧压, 声发射

Abstract：In order to study the acoustic emission characteristics during the stick-slip process of fault，friction-slip experiments were carried out on the prefabricated coarse-grained syenite fault model with different dip angles，and the evolution process of the acoustic emission characteristics of fault stick-slip instability under different loading rates and lateral pressures was analyzed. The results show that：(1) In a stick-slip process，the number of acoustic emission events in the stress accumulation stage increases steadily，and the acoustic emission energy levels are relatively small；when the fault is unstable，the acoustic emission events increase suddenly，and accompanied by high-level acoustic emission event，the energy is much greater than other events，indicating that more and more intense acoustic emission activities are produced when the fault is unstable，and the sudden increase in acoustic emission energy occurs in the sub-instability stage of the fault，and the occurrence of high-energy acoustic emission events can be used to the fault stick-slip predicted. (2) The stick-slip characteristics of faults are different under different loading conditions. When the lateral pressure and dip angle change，the stress state of the fault plane affects the contact state of the concave and convex body，and the macroscopic expression is the change of friction strength of the fault plane. With the increase of lateral pressure，the shear stress of slip-induced fault increases and the stress drop increases. When the inclination angle changes from 34°to 45°，sticky-slip is less likely to occur，and the strain energy released during instability is greater. The peak stress of sticky-slip event increases continuously at the inclination angle of 45°，while the shear stress of fault plane increases continuously at the inclination angle of 56°，but sticky-slip does not occur. When the loading rate decreases，the stick-slip period becomes longer，and there is a relatively long time for adjustment and physical healing between the interrupted planes during the loading process. The stress state of the fault plane changes，and the stress drop of fault instability increases. (3) When loading conditions change，acoustic emission characteristics change. When the lateral pressure increases，the growth rate of AE count increases，and the AE activity becomes more frequent. At the same time，the amplitude of high frequency increases，and the generation and expansion of fault micro-rupture become more complicated. When the dip angle changes from 34° to 45°，the amplitude of low-frequency signal increases significantly，which indicates that the change of dip angle makes the fault appear larger micro-rupture.

Key words： rock mechanics stick-slip straight fault fault dip lateral pressure acoustic emission

引用本文:

赵扬锋1，樊艺1，荆刚2，刘玉春1，3，王学滨1. 断层黏滑失稳过程声发射特征试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2022, 41(S2): 3101-3113.
ZHAO Yangfeng1，FAN Yi1，JING Gang2，LIU Yuchun1，3，WANG Xuebin1. Experimental study on acoustic emission characteristics in the process of fault stick-slip instability. , 2022, 41(S2): 3101-3113.

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http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.0948 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V41/IS2/3101

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