Orthogonal test and new microscopic simulation method of similar materials of soft surrounding rock in model experiments
CUI Lan1, 2*, ZHUO Hongming1, 2, SHENG Qian1, 2, ZHENG Junjie3, DONG Youkou4, XU Chen5, FAN Leyang1, 2
(1. State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3. School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074,
China; 4. College of Marine Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan,
Hubei 430074, China; 5. China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co., Ltd.,
Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China)
Abstract：The results of the current study reveal significant differences in the effects of the proportioning scheme of similar materials used for surrounding rock on their mechanical properties. There is limited discussion on the microscopic simulations of similar materials for surrounding rock. Existing simulations often focus on single-component materials, neglecting the fact that similar materials consist of multiple components. To address this, this study utilizes a test section of a high-speed railway tunnel to prepare similar material for Grade IV surrounding rock in tunnel model tests. The experimental method is designed using an orthogonal test scheme, incorporating barite, fly ash, river sand, rosin alcohol, and machine oil as raw materials. A total of 16 sets of proportioning schemes for the similar materials are developed to conduct uniaxial compression tests and direct shear tests. Based on the results of the orthogonal tests, the gravity, uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, internal friction angle, and cohesion of the 16 sets of similar materials are determined. Among these, the set of samples closest to the target parameters is selected as the similar materials for the surrounding rock in the model test. Subsequently, the influence of control factors on mechanical parameters—namely gravity, uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, internal friction angle, and cohesion—is analyzed. The results from the orthogonal test serve as a crucial reference for the proportioning schemes of similar materials for surrounding rock in model tests. Furthermore, a novel microscopic numerical method is proposed, which considers particle density and radius for similar materials. This method can represent different components of the similar materials, such as barite, fly ash, river sand, and rosin. The relationship between the mechanical parameters of the model (uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus) and the microscopic parameters of the model (particle radius, bonding strength, and contact modulus) is established through the numerical method of uniaxial compression. This approach provides an effective numerical framework for analyzing the failure process and mechanical mechanisms of similar materials. By comparing the stress-strain curves, crack evolution patterns, and displacement distributions between the experimental and numerical methods, the deformation behavior and failure mechanisms of the similar materials for surrounding rock are discussed. As a result, it is found that increasing the proportion of barite enhances the gravity and uniaxial compressive strength of the similar materials. Additionally, the cohesion and internal friction angle of the similar materials increase with a higher proportion of rosin alcohol. The proposed new microscopic numerical method effectively simulates the entire loading and failure process of similar materials, aligning well with the experimental results.
崔 岚1，2*，卓鸿铭1，2，盛 谦1，2，郑俊杰3，董友扣4，徐 晨5，范乐阳1，2. 模型试验软弱围岩相似材料正交试验与新型细观模拟方法[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2026, 45(S1): 47-63.
CUI Lan1, 2*, ZHUO Hongming1, 2, SHENG Qian1, 2, ZHENG Junjie3, DONG Youkou4, XU Chen5, FAN Leyang1, 2. Orthogonal test and new microscopic simulation method of similar materials of soft surrounding rock in model experiments. , 2026, 45(S1): 47-63.
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2026, Vol. 45 
